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Philosophical practice is a historical and social phenomenon. As such it reflects and reproduces developments in the society which it is part of. In Western countries the post-industrial mass culture of the Self can be seen as a struggle with ‘nihilism’. Attempts to proclaim a philosophical therapy are both part of the culture of the Self, and, particularly, a sign of resistance against the loss of philosophical identity. In the context of the Industrial Revolution philosophy lost substantial crafts to the new sciences and humanities. In different ways, Husserl and Wittgenstein gave due consideration to that loss, and developed new practices of philosophy. Their paradigmatic innovations are known as the linguistic and phenomenological turns, the latter radicalized by Levinas. In this essay, the work of the three protagonists is called the ‘Open Senses’ paradigm. After World War II this paradigmatic revolution has been ignored, or at least debunked. Peter Raabe’s book on philosophical therapy is discussed as a present-day example of restorative philosophy in the field of philosophical practice.
