초록 열기/닫기 버튼
죽음과 관련된 정체성 관점은 크게 두 가지로 요약될 수 있다. 영혼동일성은 개인의 정체성이 영혼에 의해 결정된다는 것이다. 이는 영혼이 죽음 이후에도 독립된 개체로 영원히 존재한다고 믿는다. 육체동일성은 개인의 정체성이 육체에 의해 결정된다는 것이며, 죽음과 동시에 그 사람의 존재도 끝이 난다고 본다. 왕부지는 생과 사를 처음과 끝이라고 생각한 성리학자들에 대해 비판한다. 이는 결국 육체동일성 관점에서 삶을 보는 것이며, 이로 보면 삶은 허무한 것이다. 그는 영혼동일성을 강조했던 불교도 인정하지 않는다. 영혼동일성은 삶보다 죽음에 더 큰 의미를 두기 때문이었다. 왕부지가 보기에 살아가는 매 순간마다 義에 충실한 삶을 사는 것이 무엇보다 중요한 일이었다. 왕부지는 뭉쳐진 상태의 기나 흩어진 상태의 기나 같은 기라고 생각했다. 따라서 살아있는 동안 얼마나 자신의 기를 맑게 혹은 탁하게 했느냐에 따라 우주의 전체 기의 맑고 탁함에 영향을 주게 되는 것이다. 왕부지의 죽음관은 영혼정체성의 내세중심주의와 육체동일성의 허무주의를 극복하려는 시도라고 평가할 수 있다.
In order to establish a viewpoint of life and death, it is essential concept of identity. Identity terms, with death, can be summarized into two broad types. One is the point of view of ‘the soul identity’ and the other is the point of view of ‘the body identity’. A personal identity will be determined by the spirit soul, on the terms of ‘the soul identity’. One, who believes in the soul identity, thinks that a personal soul is eternal even after death. On terms of ‘the body identity’, a personal identity will be determined by the body. In this viewpoint, as soon as death, the man’s identity is over. Wang Fu Zhi(王夫之: 1619~1692) criticized the Confucian scholars who thought a life(生) and death(死) was a beginning and ending. Because their way of thought is the seeing a life and death in terms of physical identity. From a point of view of the body identity, life is vain. According to Wang’s way of thinking, the idea of physical identity is entirely different from thought of Confucius who emphasized life. Naturally, Wang also denied Buddhism that emphasized the soul identity. Because Buddhists thought death was more important than life. In Wang’s thought, it is very important that human being must live a righteous every minute of every day. Wang’s view of death can be summarized into the idea that the results of life last after death. Wang affirms that life is formed by solidification of qi(氣) and death is formed by dispersal of qi, in common with other Confucius scholars. But he thought the special properties of qi in life was equal to the properties of qi in death. It means that the dispersed qi after death also has same properties of the solidified qi in life. Depending on whether humans purify their qi by righteous behavior or spoil their qi by incorrect behavior while they live, the purity or spoilage of entire qi in universe would be determined. This is Wang Fu Zhi’s view of death and life. Through his view of death and life, Wang tried to overcome the defects of the body identity and the soul identity all at once.
키워드열기/닫기 버튼
Wang Fu Zhi, Confucian View of Death, gui-shen(鬼神), view of life and death, ghost, body
