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This study was carried out to identify the factors influencing tuberculosis(TB) prevention behavior, focusingon knowledge of TB and optimistic bias. Also, this study examined the effects of knowledge of TB on TB preventivebehavior, and the mediating effect of optimistic bias. A total of 228 army soldiers participated in this study. Datacollection was collected from November 28 to December 26, 2016 using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performedby SPSS/WIN 23.0 using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, three-step mediated regression, and multipleregression. As a result, It was founded that the army soldiers recognized low level of knowledge of TB(13.00±5.39),there was an optimistic bias(2.68±1.41) and moderate mean level of TB preventive behavior(42.44±5.54). Knowledgeof TB had significant positive correlations with TB preventive behavior(r=.222, p=.001) and optimistic bias(r=.143,p=.031). There was no mediating effect of optimistic bias on tuberculosis prevention behavior. The factors influencingTB preventive behavior were current smoking(β=-.261), knowledge of tuberculosis(β=.144), and experience of tuberculosiseducation(β=.136), and explanatory power was 17.2%. Based on the result, it is necessary to develop a strategyto promote prevention of TB by developing and applying a smoking cessation management and customized tuberculosiseducation program for Army soldiers.
