초록 열기/닫기 버튼
传统研究认为，上古汉语用在主谓之间的“其”是语气词，可以表示诸如揣测、判断、疑问、反问、命令、请求等语气，但是一个语气词可以表示这么多不同的语气是让人疑惑的，这或许表明之前的研究错误地把整个句子的功能归结于“其”的功能，虽然研究细致，但没有抓住主谓之间“其”的核心功能。主谓之间“其”的核心功能需要跳出句子的局限，站在更大的语言单位----语篇的角度进行分析。从语篇结构来看，上古汉语带“其”的主谓句主要出现在论证结构的论点部分，“其”所在的小句都是论点，这时“其”可称为论点标记。在具体语境下，带“其”的小句可以是对论点的表述，也可以是要求别人或自己执行自己的论点，还可以是对论点的怀疑，或是对论点的加强等，这时整个句子会表示出判断、推测、疑问、祈使等语气，但那是整个句子表现出来的语气，而非“其”的功能。“其”的核心功能在于判断，这种功能是由“其”的代词功能演化来的，“其”演化的路径和系词“是”有相同点，但“是”后面多为体词性成分，这促使“是”发展为典型的判断词；而“其”后面多是谓词性成分，且与前面的名词主谓关系明显，“其”在句法上难以演化为典型的判断词，但“其”的判断功能仍在。从语篇结构角度分析虚词的语篇功能是虚词研究的新方法新思路，需要引起特别关注。
Abstract:The traditional study argues that the ancient Chinese "Qi" which used between the subject and the predicate as modal particle, "Qi" can mean many tone such as speculation, judgment, doubt, rhetorical question, order, request, etc., but a modal particle can mean so many different tone is puzzling. This may indicate that the previous study incorrectly attributes the function of the sentence to the function of "Qi", although the study is meticulous but does not grasp the core function of "Qi" that used between the subject and the subject. For getting the core function of "Qi" between the subject and the subject,we may need to jump out of the limitations of the sentence and stand in the larger language unit - the perspective of the discourse to research.From the textual structure, ancient Chinese sentences with "Qi" mainly appear in the argument of the proof structure,”Qi” can be called "argument markers”. In a specific context, a clause with "Qi" can be an expression of an argument, or it can be an argument for asking others or themselves to perform their own, or to be skeptical of the argument, or to reinforce the argument. The whole sentence will show the judgment, speculation, doubt, imperatives and other tone, but that is the tone of the sentence, rather than "Qi". The core function of "Qi" is judgement,this function is evolved from the pronoun function. “Qi” and “Shi” have the same evolution, but “Shi” followed by noun components, which prompted "Shi" evolved to copula, but "Qi” followed by verb component, the noun components and verb compents behind of “Qi” can component subject predicate relation ,"Qi" in the syntax is difficult to evolve into a typical copula , but “Qi” in fact have judgement function. From the perspective of discourse structure analysis of textual function words is the new method and the study of function words, need special attention.
키워드열기/닫기 버튼
Qi, , argument marker, discourse structure, judgement, origin
Qi, argument marker, discourse structure, judgement, origin
