초록 열기/닫기 버튼
본 연구는 통계청의 기업활동조사(2008년~2014년)와 부경대 SSK산업생태계 연구단에서 구축한‘기업 간 거래네트워크 DB’를 병합하여 기업차원의 노동소득분배율 결정요인을 분석하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기업차원 노동소득분배율은 2009년 글로벌 금융위기 시기에 약간 하락하였으나2011년도 이후 점차 회복되는 추세를 보였다. 업종별로는 제조업(56.8%)이비제조업(64.3%)에 비해 낮았으며, 원청ㆍ대기업(47.9%)이 중소ㆍ하청기업(58.4%)에 비해 낮았다. 둘째, 패널회귀분석을 통해 기업차원의 노동소득분배율 결정요인을 추정한결과, 노조의 협상력을 의미하는 노조조직률 변수는 전반적으로 노동소득분배율 높이지만, 사용자의 협상력을 나타내는 외주가공비율 및 비정규직 변수는 노동소득분배율을 낮추는 것으로 나타났다. 다만 해외자회사투자율 변수는 해외투자가 이뤄진 당해 연도에는 노동소득분배율을 낮추지만, 그 다음해에는 노동소득분배율을 높이는 것으로 분석되었다. 셋째, 노동소득분배율 결정요인은 업종(제조업/비제조업)과 원ㆍ하청 거래네트워크 위치에 따라서 다르게 영향을 미쳤으며, 원청ㆍ대기업은 노동소득분배율을 높이는 반면, 중소ㆍ하청기업은 노동소득분배율을 낮추는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 노동소득분배율을 높이기 위해서는 적절한 임금인상과 더불어 외주가공 및 비정규직의축소도 함께 협상할 필요가 있다. 또한 상대적으로 노조조직률과 협상력이취약한 중소ㆍ하청기업의 노조조직률을 높일 필요가 있으며, 노동소득분배율결정요인이 업종과 원ㆍ하청 단계별로 다르게 작용하는 만큼 이를 고려할 필요가 있다
This study analyzed the determinants of the labor income share ratio at the enterprise level by combining the Enterprise Activity Survey (2008 ~ 2014) of the Statistics Korea and the Intercompany Transaction Network DB of the SSK Ecosystem Research Center of Pukyong National University, and the results are as follows. First, the labor income share ratio at the enterprise level declined slightly due to the global financial crisis in 2009, but it has gradually recovered since 2011. By industry, manufacturing (56.8 percent) was lower than non-manufacturing (64.3 percent), while contractors and large companies (47.9 percent) were lower than subcontractors and small and medium-sized companies (58.4 percent). Second, as a result of the estimation of the labor income share ratio at the enterprise level through panel regression analysis, it was found that the union organization rate variable, which means the bargaining power of the union, generally raises the labor income share ratio but the outsourcing ratio and non-regular worker variable, which mean the bargaining power of the employer, lower the labor income share ratio. However, the analysis showed that the investment ratio of foreign subsidiaries lowered labor income share ratio in the year of foreign investment but it raised the labor income share in the following year. Third, the determinants of the labor income share ratio had different influence depending on the type of industry and the location of contracting-subcontracting network, and the analysis showed that contractors and large companies raise the labor income share ratio, while subcontractors and small and medium-sized companies lower the labor income share ratio. Therefore, in order to raise labor income share ratio, it is necessary to discuss not only the appropriate wage increase but also the reduction of outsourcing and non-regular workers. In addition, it is necessary to raise the union organization rate of small and medium-sized companies and subcontractors with relatively low union organization rate and weak bargaining power. It is also necessary to analyze the determinants of the labor income share ratio considering that they act differently depending on the industry and the contracting-subcontracting phases.
키워드열기/닫기 버튼
Labor income share ratio, Labor union effects, Manufacturing and non-manufacturing, Contractor-subcontractor
