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本文把带“得”字的述补结构看做程度补语（不包括可能补语句和“~得很”句式），收集了朱德熙（1982[2007]：132-138）、北京大学中文系现代汉语教研室（1993[2007]：330）、房玉清（2001[2006]：157）、邓思颖（2010：121）所举的带“得”字例子16个以及本文举的例子4个，根据生成语法的事件意义理论分析其事件意义的结果，这些例子的事件意义可以归属为如下四种： 1）状态 按照邓思颖（2010：86）的理论，状态，表示一个情况的存在，主要描述静态、静止的关系。由轻动词BE来表示其事件意义。“他跑得很快，选他跑短跑比较合适。”里“跑”是客观描述，整个句子表达的是静态的，可以诠释为：他具有某种特性，那个特性就是跑的速度快。 2）变化 按照邓思颖（2010：88）的理论，完结和达成表示事件的变化，状态的转变，而变化的结果就是事件具有一个自然终结点，属于有终体的事件。“通过三个月的刻苦训练，他跑得很快。”里“跑得很快”是表示变化的，整个句子可以诠释为：原来他跑得并不快，由于刻苦训练，终于变为跑得快了。 3）行为+结果 谓语动词表示发生变化的原因，“他跑得满头大汗。”里，在基础词汇层次上，“跑”是谓语，可是到了事件意义层次，主语从与“满头大汗”合并的轻动词BECOME获得经历者题元角色，而“跑得”谓语附加语位置，表示变成“满头大汗”的原因。整个句子可以诠释为：由于进行某种行为，使主语经历相对于某种行为的变化。 4）原因+结果 这里的因果事件意义，是指有使役意义的完结和达成事件意义。“那件事跑得他满头大汗”，整个句子有两个事件意义构成：轻动词CAUSE事件意义层次；在轻动词BECOME事件意义层次。整个句子可以诠释为：“那件事”致事“他”进行“跑”的行为，致使“他”经历“满头大汗”的结果事件。 总之，句子的事件意义是从轻动词所赋予的，因此不能单凭谓语动词或由谓语动词构成的述补结构来判断某个句子的事件意义，结构上基本一致的“S+跑得+complement”式程度补语句式的事件意义可以归纳为“状态（BE）”、“变化（BECOME）”、“行为+结果（DO+BECOME）”、“原因+结果（CAUSE+BECOME）”等四种。
In this paper, we analyze the verb-object structures containing the word " 得 " and not including the phrase "~ 得很 " and classify them as the degree complement structures. We analyzed, using the eventuality theory in the generative grammar, our four example sentences as well as sixteen example sentences from Zhu Dexi (1982 [2007]: 132-138), Peking University department of Chinese language and literature Modern Chinese Research Office (1993 [2007]: 330), Fang Yuqing (2001 [2006]: 157) and Deng Siying(2010: 121). Based on our analysis results, each of the twenty examples belongs to one of the following four eventualities. 1) BE According to the theory of Deng Siying (2010: 86), the state (BE) represents the existence of a single event. The word BE is primarily concerned with describing a state or the stopping of a state. The light verb BE indicates a certain eventuality. In the sentence "他跑得很快，选他跑短跑比较合适 (since his running speed is fast, it is relatively appropriate to make him run a short distance)" the word "跑 (run)" describes a fact. Therefore, the sentence of the BE eventuality represents a certain state and the sentence can be interpreted as follows: he has certain characteristics, which is that his running speed is fast. 2) BECOME According to the theory of Deng Siying (2010: 88), the accomplishment and the achievement represent changes in events. An event is classified as completed if there exists a change in the event, and if the changed event has a natural end point (completion point). In the sentence"通过三个月的刻苦训练，他跑得很快 (after three months of hard training he became a fast runner)" the phrase "跑得很快 (became a fast runner)"means a change. Therefore, this BECOME eventuality sentence can be interpreted as follows: at first he could not run fast, but after hard training he eventually could run fast. 3) DO+BECOME The predicate verb indicates the cause of a change. In the sentence "他跑得满头大汗 (he ran so his face became sweaty)" the word "跑 (run)" as in the basic lexical level is a predicate. However, when it comes to the eventuality level, the subject is assigned the experiencer role for the light verb BECOME, which itself is merged with "满头大汗 (the face is sweaty)" and the phrase"跑得 (since run)" is placed in a predicate adjunct position. Hence the predicate verb represents the cause of "满头大汗 (face became sweaty)". Thus, this DO+BECOME eventuality sentence can be interpreted as follows: as certain actions progress, the subject experiences changes corresponding to these actions. 4) CAUSE+BECOME The cause and effect eventuality is the causative accomplishment and achievement eventuality. Consider the sentence "那件事跑得他满头大汗 (that thing made him run to sweat)" which has two eventualities. One is the eventuality of the light verb CAUSE, and the other is the eventuality of the light verb BECOME. Therefore, the sentence of the CAUSE+BECOME eventuality can be interpreted as follows: "那件事 (that thing)" is the causer for "他 (him)" to "跑 (run)", and also made "他 (him)" experience the consequence of being "满头大汗 (sweat)". To summarize, the eventuality in a sentence is granted by the light verb. We cannot determine the eventuality of a sentence by relying only on the predicate verb, and also cannot judge the eventuality as a verb-complement sentence structure that constitutes a predicate verb. We conclude that all "S+跑得+complement" degree complement structures belong to one of the four eventualities: BE, BECOME, DO+BECOME and CAUSE+BECOME.
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degree complement, state complement, description complement, eventuality, light verb
