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Objectives: This study compared the impact of implant surface treatment on the stability and osseointegration of implants in dog mandibles.Materials and Methods: Six adult dogs received a total of 48 implants that were prepared using four different surface treatments; resorbable blast media (RBM), hydroxyapatite (HA), hydrothermal-treated HA, and sand blasting and acid etching (SLA). Implants were installed, and dogs were sepa-rated into 2- and 4-week groups. Implant stability was evaluated via Periotest M, Osstell Mentor, and removal torque analyzers. A histomorphometric analysis was also performed.Results: The stability evaluation showed that all groups generally had satisfactory values. The histomorphometric evaluation via a light microscope revealed that the HA surface implant group had the highest ratio of new bone formation on the entire fixture. The hydrothermal-treated HA surface im-plant group showed a high ratio of bone-to-implant contact in the upper half of the implant area.Conclusion: The hydrothermal-treated HA implant improved the bone-to-implant contact ratio on the upper fixture, which increased the implant sta-bility.
