초록 열기/닫기 버튼
본 논문은 고려후기의 치사제를 다룬 것으로, 고려후기에 치사제의 다양한 양상 및변화되는 원인을 고찰하고, 치사제의 변화로 耆老會와 封君制등이 어떻게 변화되는가를 검토하였다. 고려시대에는 관료의 요청을 전제로 70세 치사가 원칙이었다. 또한 오랫동안 복무를 한 관료를 우대하는 차원에서 질병으로 인해 관직생활을 유지할 수 없을 경우 引年致仕토록 하였다. 그러나 무신집권기부터 관료의 요청 없이 치사가 되거나, 질병이 없는데도 70세 이전에 치사하는 관료들이 등장하였다. 특히 원간섭기에는인년치사가 보편화되어 60세 이전에 치사하는 관료도 있었다. 반면 几杖을 받지 못함에도 불구하고 70세를 넘어서까지 관료생활을 이어가는 관료들도 등장하였다. 심지어는 치사한 관료가 재기용되거나 재치사하는 경우(2차 치사)도 있었다. 무신집권기에는 무신 및 무신집정자, 원간섭기 및 고려말기에는 국왕의 측근들이 국정 운영을 주도하였다. 관료들의 인사도 특정인 또는 정방에서 담당하였다. 그 결과 무신집정자 또는 국왕 측근들의 자의에 의해 관료들의 치사가 이뤄지게 됨에 따라, 나이와 질병, 관료의自請, 궤장하사와 관료생활 연장이라는 치사제의 기본 원칙들이 무너지게 되었다. 고려후기에 인년치사가 보편화되면서, 빨리 치사한 관료들은 기로회를 조직하여 친목을 다지며 여가생활을 즐겼다. 원간섭기에는 重祚, 親朝, 국왕의 억류 등 이전과 다른 정치적 양태들이 등장하게 되면서, 치사 관료들이 都評議使司회의에 참여하거나 국왕의자문에 응대하는 등 국정 운영에도 참여하였다. 또한 70세 이전에 치사한 관료들이 증가함에 따라, 고려 정부는 치사 관료들의 정치적 참여를 유도하고 더 많은 경제적 혜택을 주기 위하여 치사 관료들을 封君하기도 하였다.
This study, which deals with the resignment system in the latter period of Goryeo, considers its diverse aspects and causes of changes and reviews how the club of resigned and elderly officials(耆老會) and the post appointment system(封君制)varied as the resignment system varied. In the period of Goryeo, it was a principle to allow to resign in 70 years old upon the request of the officials. In addition, when it was impossible for an official to maintain his official position due to illness, it was allowed to retire in advance in order to give special treatment to officials who had worked for a long time. However, in the period of seizure of political power by military officials, often did appear the official who retired without their request or before 70 years without illness. In particular, the advance resignation(引年致仕) was generalized in the Yuan intervention period, and there were the officials who retired before 60 years old. On the other hand, did appear the officials who continued their official positions beyond 70 years old, although they were not granted the hutch and stick from the King(几杖). Further, there were some cases in which resigned officials were employed again or resigned again(2nd resignment). In the period of seizure of political power by military officials, military officials and military politicians led the administration of state, and in the period of seizure of political power by military officials and in the end of Goreyo, people close to the King led the administration of state. Authority over human resources was exercised by some certain people or Jeongbang(the political office, 政 房). As a result, the resignment system on the officials was arbitrarily operated by military politicians or persons close to the King, which collapsed the principles such as age, illness, request of the official, grant of the hutch and stick from the King(几杖下賜), and extension of the official position. While the advance resignation was generalized at the latter period of Goryeo, the officials who resigned at the earlier age, organized the club of resigned and elderly officials(耆老會) to promote friendship and enjoy leisure. In the period of seizure of political power by military officials, as the different political aspects such as Kingship(重祚), governing by the King(親朝) and , detainment of the King appeared, the resigned officials participated in the meeting of the Dopyeongwisasa(都評議使 司) or in the political operation including response to the consultation for the King. In addition, as the number of officials who retired earlier than 70 years old increase, the Goryeo government was used to appoint them for posts(封君) in order to induce political participation of officials and to give more economic benefits.
키워드열기/닫기 버튼
resignment, advance resignment, politics by person close to the King, re-employment, re-resignment, club of resigned and elderly officials, political participation, post appointment
