The Effect of Personality on Task Performance and Adaptive Performance: The Mediating Effect of Job Crafting and The Moderating Effect of Leader’s Empowering Behavior

본 연구의 목적은 개인의 성격(외향성, 개방성, 성실성)이 과업수행 및 적응수행에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 첫째, 조직 구성원의 성격(외향성, 개방성, 성실성)이 직무가공에 미치는 영향을 검증하고 둘째, 직무가공이 과업수행 및 적응수행에 미치는 영향을 검증하고 셋째, 성격(외향성, 개방성, 성실성)과 과업수행 및 적응수행 간 관계를 직무가공이 매개하는지 알아보고, 마지막으로 성격(외향성, 개방성, 성실성)과 직무가공 간 관계를 리더 임파워링 행동이 조절하는지를 검증하는 데 있다. 본 연구를 위해 국내 기업의 다양한 직종에서 근무하고 있는 167명의 종업원들을 대상으로 자기보고 방식 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 타인평정(조사대상자의 상사나 동료)에 의해 종업원의 과업수행 및 적응수행에 대한 자료를 수집하였다. 연구결과, 개방성과 성실성이 직무가공과 정적 관계를 보였고, 직무가공은 과업수행 및 적응수행과 정적 관계를 나타내었다. 직무가공은 개방성 및 성실성과 과업수행 및 적응수행 간의 관계를 완전매개 하였으며, 성실성과 직무가공 간의 정적 관계는 리더 임파워링 행동이 높을 때보다 낮을 때 더 강하게 나타났다. 마지막으로 연구결과를 종합하여, 본 연구의 학문적 의의 및 실무적 시사점, 그리고 제한점 및 향후 연구과제에 대해 논의하였다.

The first purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of personality(extraversion, openness, conscientiousness) on job crafting. The second purpose was to examine the effects of job crafting on task performance and adaptive performance. The third purpose was to examine the mediating effects of job crafting on the relationship between personality(extraversion, openness, conscientiousness) and job performance(task performance, adaptive performance). The last purpose was to testify the moderating effect of the leader’s empowering behavior on the relationship between personality(extraversion, openness, conscientiousness) and job crafting. Data were collected from 167 employees who were working in a variety of organizations in Korea by the survey research method. Both task performance and adaptive performance were rated by others(peer or supervisor). The result of this study showed that the relationship between personality(openness, conscientiousness) and job crafting, and the relationship between job crafting and job performance(task performance, adaptive performance) were significantly positive. Also, the job crafting had full mediation effect on the relationship between personality(openness, conscientiousness) and job performance(task performance, adaptive performance). Leader’s empowering behavior had moderation effect on the relationship between conscientiousness and job crafting. That is, the positive relationship between conscientiousness and job crafting was stronger when leader’s empowering behavior was lower rather than higher. Based on these results, we discussed the implications and limitations of the study, and the suggestions for the future research.