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Background and Objectives:The inflammatory reaction is affected by the genotype or phenotype of genes related with inflammationmodulating cytokines and allergen metabolizing enzyme. This study was performed to investigate the relationshipbetween N-acetyl transferase 2 (NAT2), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) and theallergic rhinitis in Korea. Subjects and Method:One hundred forty five allergic rhinitis patients and 167 controls were included.Venous blood samples were collected and the genotypes were analyzed by PCR technique. NAT2 phenotypes were designatedas ‘high’, ‘medium’ and ‘low’ by known genotype-phenotype relationship. TNF-αgenotypes were classified as ‘A/A’,‘A/G’ and ‘G/G’. TGF-βgenotype was classified as ‘Arg/Arg’, ‘Arg/Pro’ and ‘Pro/Pro’. These data were analyzed by SAS forwindows ver 8.02. Results:The phenotype of NAT2 and genotype of TGF-βshowed no significant effect on allergic rhinitis.G/G or G/A genotype of TNF-αsignificantly increases the risk of allergic rhinitis. High activity phenotype of NAT2 showedhigher level of total serum IgE. Conclusion:Genetic factors including TGF-βare important in the development of allergicrhinitis in Korea. NAT2 phenotype affect allergic reaction. (Korean J Otolaryngol 2006;49:1165-71)