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This article attempts to reorganize the causes and background of the Public Peace of Maintenance Law which magnified and applied since 1927 in Chosun and Japan, making the law the most severe and cruel. This idea was reconstructed under the political circumstances and political contexts of Korea, Japan and China on the basis of a critical mind to reorganize East-Asia. The part of the national leaders of independence movement developed socialism broken away nationalism, which was embodied in the formation of Chosun Communist Party. In the meantime the Socialist Movement founded on Bolshevism became active in Japan since Russian Revolution was broken out. Therefore, Greater Japan Federation of Labour and Friendly Association made clear of the characteristic of class consciousness and changed the name to the Greater Japan Federation of Labour, which formed a political party, the Japanese Communist party, as an illegal advanced revolutional party. The several independence movements by the socialists at home and abroad in Chosun after 3․1 Resistance Movement implanted the crisis awareness to Japanese rulers. Saito Makoto, the governor general of Chosun, ordered not to forgive and give a strict punishment to the people who are disturbing the reconciliation of Japan and Chosun through blaming and reproaching the government's rule. The Problem of Park Youl intensified the crisis awareness in Japan because this accident was regarded the assassination of Crown Prince by an Chosun. Furthermore some of Japanese believed that this plot might provoke the overthrow Japanese colonial government system in Chosun. This trouble, in addition, worsened the domestic economic depression and overlapped with the problem of Enforce Discipline. In consequence, the Wakatsuki and Kenseikai Cabinet retired from the government and Tanaka Cabinet was formed instead. It was necessary for Tanaca Cabinet, organized in April of 1927, to intensify the ruling system to confine the socialists' movement at home. The domestic socialists were inclined to associate with international solidarity with Russian and Chinese Socialists. The Tanaca Cabinet camouflaged the plot of 3․15 and carried out the alteration of Maintenance Law by an Emergency Imperial Command. I suggest that these political circumstances enforced directly the Administration of Justice to magnify and apply the Public Peace Maintenance Law since 1927 in Chosun.
