이 논문은 일제강점기 ‘광주학생운동’ 관련명칭의 용례와 의미를 살펴 본 것이다. 한국독립운동사 관련 대표적 검색사이트에서 ‘광주학생운동’ 과 ‘광주학생사건’으로 검색해 보면 ‘광주학생운동’이란 용례가 적지 않게 나온다. 하지만 검토 결과, 이는 대부분 DB화하면서 색인어를 ‘광주학생 운동’으로 넣었기 때문에 나타난 현상이다. 확인 결과 대부분이 원문에는 ‘광주(학생)사건’으로 나오며, 이것이 당시 가장 일반적인 명칭이었다. 현재까지 조사한 바로는, 일제강점기 국내자료에서 ‘광주학생운동’이란 용례는 보이지 않는다. 이것은 한국측 신문·격문이나 일제측 보고서에 서도 마찬가지이다. ‘광주(학생)사건’이란 명칭이 압도적으로 많으나, 이 는 1929년 11월~1930년 3월의 전국적 학생운동을 아우르는 것보다 1929년 11월 광주에서의 학생운동만을 가리키는 것이 대부분이다. 예컨대 목포 에서 일어났으면 ‘목포학생사건’, 경성에서 일어났으면 ‘경성학생사건’이 라 불렀다. 그러다 점차 ‘학생만세사건’·‘학생만세운동’·‘조선학생운동’ 이란 표현이 다수를 이루게 된다. 즉 이 운동이 전국적인 독립운동으로 발전하여 갔음을 관련명칭의 변화에서 찾아볼 수 있는 것이다. 독립운동이 가장 활발했던 중국에서 생산된 자료에는 ‘광주학생운동’ 이란 명칭이 일찍부터 보이며, 미주의 경우 ‘내지학생운동’이 주류를 이 루었다. 이는 중국의 한인 독립운동계에서는 ‘광주학생운동’을 단순한 국 지적 ‘사건’이 아닌 전국적 ‘운동’으로 인식하고 있었음을 짐작케 한다. 미 주의 한인들은 ‘내지학생운동’이라 하여, ‘광주’ 대신 ‘내지’ 즉 ‘조선’이라 는 전국적 명칭을 붙였다. 일본측 자료에서도 ‘광주학생운동’의 용례는 찾기 어렵다. 역시 ‘광주 (학생)사건’이 압도적으로 많으며, ‘소요사건’·‘망동사건’ 등의 표현이 자 주 보인다. 그리고 점차 ‘학생만세사건’·‘선내학생운동’이란 표현이 많이 나타난다. 일제측 역시 ‘광주’에서의 ‘충돌’ ‘사건’에서 ‘전선’에서의 ‘만세’ ‘운동’으로 확산되고 있다고 인식하게 된 것이다. 즉 시간이 흐르며 관련 명칭에 ‘광주’ 못지않게 ‘조선’·‘전선’·‘내지’ 등 전국을 뜻하는 표현과 ‘만 세’라는 성격을 뜻하는 표현이 붙기 시작한 점은 ‘광주학생운동’의 지역적 확산 및 성격의 발전을 보여준다고 하겠다.

In the article I examined the example of the names connected with “Gwangjoo Student Movement” during Japanese colonial rule of Korea. First of all, search results of “Gwangjoo Student Movement” and “Gwnagjoo Student incident” in the representative Web sites related to the history of Korea’s independence movement are as follows; In search results, it can be thought that there are not a few examples of “Gwangjoo Student Movement”, however, this is because the term was written as “Gwangjoo Student Movement” in the index when a data base was compiled. According to research up to now, there is no example of “Gwangjoo Student Movement” in domestic materials during Japanese colonial rule of Korea. Also there is no name of “Gwangjoo Student Movement” in newspapers or manifestos in Korea or Japanese reports and the name of “Gwangjoo Student Incident” accounts for the vast majority, however, most of them indicate the Student Movement in Gwangjoo which happened in November, 1929. For example, when the movement happened in Mokpo, it was called “Mokpo Student Movement” and when it happened in Gyeongseong, it was called “Gyeongseong Student Movement”. And then the expression of “Student Hurrah Incident”, “Student Hurrah Movement” and “Korean Student Movement” gradually occupies the majority. That is, in the change of the related name, we can see that this movement gradually developed into a nationwide movement. The name of “Gwangjoo Student Movement” appeared from an early stage in materials which were produced in China where the independence movement actively progressed and the term of “Domestic Student Movement” occupied the mainstream in the United States. This suggests that Korean independence fighters in China recognized it was not a simple local movement but a nationwide one. Koreans in the United States called it a local movement and named it “Domestic Student Movement” instead of “Gwangjoo Student Movement” or a nationwide name, that is, “Joseon Student Movement.” As I mentioned, it is difficult to find out the example of the term of “Gwangjoo Student Movement” in Japanese materials. There the term of “Gwangjoo(Student) Incident” accounts for the vast majority and the expression of a disturbance or a rash behavior incident appears frequently. And gradually the expression of “Student Hurrah Incident” and “Student Movement in Korea” appears more and more. The side of Japanese imperialism came to recognize that a trivial incident grew into a hurrah movement at a front. That is, as time went by, the expression of not “local” but “nationwide” and “hurrah” like “Joseon”, “front” and “domestic” as frequently as “Gwangjoo” started to be added. This shows the spread of “Gwangjoo Student Movement” and its nature development.

In the article I examined the example of the names connected with “Gwangjoo Student Movement” during Japanese colonial rule of Korea. First of all, search results of “Gwangjoo Student Movement” and “Gwnagjoo Student incident” in the representative Web sites related to the history of Korea’s independence movement are as follows; In search results, it can be thought that there are not a few examples of “Gwangjoo Student Movement”, however, this is because the term was written as “Gwangjoo Student Movement” in the index when a data base was compiled. According to research up to now, there is no example of “Gwangjoo Student Movement” in domestic materials during Japanese colonial rule of Korea. Also there is no name of “Gwangjoo Student Movement” in newspapers or manifestos in Korea or Japanese reports and the name of “Gwangjoo Student Incident” accounts for the vast majority, however, most of them indicate the Student Movement in Gwangjoo which happened in November, 1929. For example, when the movement happened in Mokpo, it was called “Mokpo Student Movement” and when it happened in Gyeongseong, it was called “Gyeongseong Student Movement”. And then the expression of “Student Hurrah Incident”, “Student Hurrah Movement” and “Korean Student Movement” gradually occupies the majority. That is, in the change of the related name, we can see that this movement gradually developed into a nationwide movement. The name of “Gwangjoo Student Movement” appeared from an early stage in materials which were produced in China where the independence movement actively progressed and the term of “Domestic Student Movement” occupied the mainstream in the United States. This suggests that Korean independence fighters in China recognized it was not a simple local movement but a nationwide one. Koreans in the United States called it a local movement and named it “Domestic Student Movement” instead of “Gwangjoo Student Movement” or a nationwide name, that is, “Joseon Student Movement.” As I mentioned, it is difficult to find out the example of the term of “Gwangjoo Student Movement” in Japanese materials. There the term of “Gwangjoo(Student) Incident” accounts for the vast majority and the expression of a disturbance or a rash behavior incident appears frequently. And gradually the expression of “Student Hurrah Incident” and “Student Movement in Korea” appears more and more. The side of Japanese imperialism came to recognize that a trivial incident grew into a hurrah movement at a front. That is, as time went by, the expression of not “local” but “nationwide” and “hurrah” like “Joseon”, “front” and “domestic” as frequently as “Gwangjoo” started to be added. This shows the spread of “Gwangjoo Student Movement” and its nature development.

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Gwangjoo Student Movement, Gwangjoo Student Incident, Joseon Student Movement, Hurrah, Disturbance, Unrest, Rash behavior, Korea history information system, House of electronic historical records of merit, Information system of the history of Korea’s independence movement.