이 연구는 1950년대 말부터 1960년대 초반까지 북․중 간 조선족 이주 정책 협력과 불법월경자에 대한 협력 원인에 대해 분석하였다. 이를 위해 1950년대 말 북한과 중국의 경제 상황을 검토하여 북한이 조선족의 이주 정책을 적극화한 원인과, 북․중 협력 원인을 분석하였다. 1945년 해방 직후 중국 동북지역 조선인들은 조선인이면서 중국 국민이라는 정체성을 동시에 가지도록 중국공산당에 의해 독려되었다. 이러한 조선족의 이중 정체성은 1946년 3월 중국공산당의 토지개혁 시기에 더욱 부각되어 자신의 토지를 보호받았거나 분배받은 조선인들은 국공내전 시기 중국공산당을 지원하게 되었다. 한국전쟁 이후 1950년대 말부터 북한은 적극적 이주정책을 실시하였다. 북한의 이러한 정책에는 당시 북한의 노동력 부족 상황과 대중동원형 경제노선이 배경이 되었다. 북한의 노동력 부족은 같은 시기 재일조선인의 대규모 입북과 동시에 조선족 이주정책으로 나타난 것이다. 이러한 상황에서 원칙적으로 1955년 북한과 중국은 불법월경자에 대해 본인 의사와 관계없이 원칙적으로 중국에 송환하기로 하였으나, 1950년대 말부터 1960년대 초까지 이러한 원칙을 지키지 않았다. 중국은 북한의 노동력 부족 상황을 완화시켜 주기 위하여 불법월경자에 대한 북한의 입장을 수용한 것이다.

This study analyzes the agreement, cooperation and implementation of the policies on Korean-Chinese migrants and illegal immigrants between Chinese and North Korean borders from the late 1950s to the early 1960s. Along this course, the labor shortages in North Korea and the active cooperation with China were confirmed. After liberation in 1945, the Korean-Chinese in northeastern China had identified themselves as Korean, while also adopting the Chinese identity, which was encouraged by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). This Korean-Chinese dual identity had been highlighted in March 1946, when the CCP implemented land reforms. The Chinese-Koreans, who received land or protection from the CCP, supported the communists during the civil war. Meanwhile, North Korea had an active immigration policy in the aftermath of the Korean War, which was associated with the labor shortages and economic mass mobilization of North Korea. As per the agreement between North Korea and China in 1955, the illegal Chinese migrants in North Korea were to be deported back to China, but due to the increasing number of migrants, North Korea did not abide by this principle. This has attributed to the enhanced cooperation in bilateral relations.

This study analyzes the agreement, cooperation and implementation of the policies on Korean-Chinese migrants and illegal immigrants between Chinese and North Korean borders from the late 1950s to the early 1960s. Along this course, the labor shortages in North Korea and the active cooperation with China were confirmed. After liberation in 1945, the Korean-Chinese in northeastern China had identified themselves as Korean, while also adopting the Chinese identity, which was encouraged by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). This Korean-Chinese dual identity had been highlighted in March 1946, when the CCP implemented land reforms. The Chinese-Koreans, who received land or protection from the CCP, supported the communists during the civil war. Meanwhile, North Korea had an active immigration policy in the aftermath of the Korean War, which was associated with the labor shortages and economic mass mobilization of North Korea. As per the agreement between North Korea and China in 1955, the illegal Chinese migrants in North Korea were to be deported back to China, but due to the increasing number of migrants, North Korea did not abide by this principle. This has attributed to the enhanced cooperation in bilateral relations.

Korean-Chinese migrant, Overseas Chinese in Korea, Illegal emigrants of China, The labor power of North Korea, The relations between North Korea and China