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Traditional historiography of the Vichy France has been so far dominated by the studies of the nature of its regime and the Collaboration. Therefore it is not easy to find scholarly works on the distinct institutions or policies of the Vichy government. This article deals with the family policy of Vichy France, the political leaders of which regarded the ‘Family(Famille)’ as the central element of the ‘National Revolution.’ Particular attention is given to Vichy’s view of women and their significance for the ‘National Revolution,’ which launched its programs for ‘Work, Family, and Fatherland.’ Derived from the stunning defeat by Nazi Germany, Vichy actively sought to reshape France. The Vichy government thought that the terrible disorder of the Third Republic, especially for inter-war years, had led to the catastrophes of the Defeat and the Occupation. Vichy activists and administrators thereby desperately wanted to return France to its harmonious past when all citizens had known their place and fulfilled their responsibilities. French society and culture were expected to be thoroughly rehabilitated. Restoring the distinctive roles of males and females and their gender difference was therefore a key priority for making the ‘National Revolution’ successful. Vichy defined women’s role and status with their traditional functions as wife, mother, and guardian of private space. In doing so, Vichy mobilized family for its political aim to renew French society, and this kind of family policy set a new stage in French political history. Yet it was difficult for Vichy France to realize this ambitious pro-family policy. It lacked concrete programs because of the financial difficulties resulted from the Defeat, lasting war, and the Occupation. Although the government continued to make every effort, the hope for family renovation had completely faded away by early 1942. In short, Vichy’s vaunting family policy failed. However, despite Vichy’s denouncement of the Third Republic and the criticism of ensuing regimes(the Provisional Government and the Fourth Republic) against Vichy, there were some important lines of continuity. They shared similar family policies.
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France, Vichy, Family, Women
