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This study analyzes the ostpolitik of the FDP and its role in driving new ostpolitik. New ostpolitik was understood in the context of superpower detente and FDP’s ostpolitik. FDP was the party that advocate businessman and industrial groups’s interest, and the root of FDP can date back to Friedrich Naumann’s ideal. Friedrich Naumann was social liberalist and later FDP’s ideological pioneer. He designed the Mitteleuropa concept that Germany leads. He thought that through the common market and political cooperation in central europe, the peace in Europe can be realized. German capitalists were interested in Naumann’s idea. So, FDP’s ostpolitik should be understood from this perspective. In FDP’s ostpolitik, there were the capitalist’s needs that advanced the eastern market and economic cooperation with eastern bloc. In foreign policy Free Democrats basically pursued the policy of easing tensions and peace settlement for the purpose of economic cooperation. Willy Brandt also designed the ostpolitik based on “change though approachment”. The goal of his ostpolitik was to realize the social democracy ideals in Europe as a whole. He focused on easing tensions in Europe rather than solving german question. Social democratic and free democrats could agree on pursuing peace settlement rather than solving German question, and they saw the ostpolitik in the international context. Free democrats also did not seek solutions for solving German question preferentially like social democrats. They actually abandoned the reunification policy and recognized GDR’s sovereignty and the Oder-Neiße line as the border between GDR and Poland substantially. From 1950’s, in FDP’s ostpolitik, there were already radical elements like this. In 1960’s Wolfgang Schollwer who was chief editor of FDK(FDP’s bulletin) stressed these concept and developed FDP’s ostpolitik. His ostpolitik resembled Egon Bahr and Willy Brand’s ostpoltik. Free domocrats sought ostpolitik without considering reunification to secure eastern economic market. They were interested in more contacts 236 서양사론 제 105 호with eastern bloc on the basis of peace system settlement. FDP’s ostpolitik and CSCE policy was understood in the aspects of FDP’s economic interest. This idea is proved in Mitteleuropa. Significantly, SPD-FDP’s ostpolitik was not impossible without superpower detente. SPD-FDP’s ostpolitik was the policy that supported superpower detente. SPD-FDP’s ostpolitik was status quo policy and Breznev also achieved the goal FRG recognized the status quo in Eastern Europe. So, the Nixon-Kissinger’s administration and Breznev advocated the SPD-FDP’s ostpolitik. Bonn recognized eastern countries’sovereignty and territory. In return, Bonn was able to be guaranted West Berlin’s safety and human contact from GDR and eastern bloc. FRG became the most important trading partner of the Soviet union and Eastern European countries. It was possible because of SPD-FDP’s ostpolitik. German capitalists could secure new market that had lost in the post-war years through SPD-FDP’s ostpolitik.
