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The present paper attempts to offer the philosophy of Plato as a new ground for a renewed dialogue between eastern and western philosophies. Philippe Descola's anthropological structuralism is used as a framework in which to read Plato's natural philosophy and its historical situation. In this perspective, Classical Athens appears as the context of an intense debate between two different ways of setting the place of man within Nature, one that has progressively been adopted by western philosophy (naturalism) and another vision that was overwhelmingly present in eastern traditional philosophies (analogism). Plato's historical gesture is described as an attempt to develop new analogies within a culture that has started to turn to naturalism. Such a gesture shows an original synthesis and dialogue between elements that eastern and western traditions have both been mixing in different ways.