제바달다 破法輪僧의 핵심은 5법이라고 할 수가 있으며, 5법 중에 다시 중심이 되는 것은 ‘食’과 관련된 측면이라고 할 수가 있다. 5법 중에서 食과 관련된 부분이 상대적으로 많은 무게비중을 차지할 수 있게 되는 이유는 인도의 춥지 않은 기후조건에 기인한다고 할 수가 있다. 이는 인간 존재의 존속에 있어서 衣와 住의 필연성을 감소시키는 개연성이 되기에 충분한 측면이 되기 때문이다. 5법 중 食과 관련된 조항은 5법의 출입관계 속에서 가장 많은 부분을 차지하고 있다. 그러므로 5법에 있어서 이의 타당성에 대한 검토는 매우 중요한 필연적 의의를 확보하게 된다고 하겠다. 그리고 食과 관련된 조항 중에서도 특히 禁止食과 관련된 내용은 불교와는 크게 다른 가치로서 제바달다의 사상적 특수성을 이해할 수 있는 매우 宗要로운 부분이라고 할 수가 있는 부분이라고 하겠다. 본 고찰은 「제바달다의 5法 고찰Ⅰ」과 연속하여 5법의 항목적 출입과 그 타당성을 고찰해 본 것이다. 그리고 이를 통해서 5법은 ‘衣:糞掃衣(pāṃsu-kūla), 食의 방법:乞食, 食의 금지:乳酪․肉魚, 住:樹下露坐’라는 결론을 도출해 보게 되었다. 이와 같은 5법의 항목적 고찰을 통해서 우리는 破法輪僧에 내재한 가치접근에 있어서 보다 용이함을 확보하게 되었다고 하겠다.

The essence of Saṅgha-bheda of Devadatta lies in 5 methods, and the most important thing of 5 methods is “food.” The reason why the food became so important in 5 methods is related with the mild climate of India. In that environment, the necessities of “clothing” and “residence” become relatively weak. Articles on food of the 5 methods consist of larger part in the context of their occurrences. Therefore, the examination on its validity has a very important meaning in comprehending the 5 methods. Especially, the contents of prohibited food in the food related articles are very different in their value from those of Buddhism. It can be the principal part to understand the peculiarity of Devadatta’s idea. This consideration is the following part of <Consideration I on 5 Methods of Vinaya Piṭaka> to study the occurrences of 5 methods and their validity in each item. Through this, we concluded that the 5 methods are as follows: clothing-humble patched clothes(pāṃsu-kūla); food-begging; prohibited food-dairy product, fish and meat; residence-sitting on the road and under the trees. Therefore, it can be said that the itemized consideration on the 5 methods gave us the easier approach to the implied values in the Cakrabheda.

The essence of Saṅgha-bheda of Devadatta lies in 5 methods, and the most important thing of 5 methods is “food.” The reason why the food became so important in 5 methods is related with the mild climate of India. In that environment, the necessities of “clothing” and “residence” become relatively weak. Articles on food of the 5 methods consist of larger part in the context of their occurrences. Therefore, the examination on its validity has a very important meaning in comprehending the 5 methods. Especially, the contents of prohibited food in the food related articles are very different in their value from those of Buddhism. It can be the principal part to understand the peculiarity of Devadatta’s idea. This consideration is the following part of <Consideration I on 5 Methods of Vinaya Piṭaka> to study the occurrences of 5 methods and their validity in each item. Through this, we concluded that the 5 methods are as follows: clothing-humble patched clothes(pāṃsu-kūla); food-begging; prohibited food-dairy product, fish and meat; residence-sitting on the road and under the trees. Therefore, it can be said that the itemized consideration on the 5 methods gave us the easier approach to the implied values in the Cakrabheda.

5 Methods, Begging, One Meal, Prohibited Food, Prohibition of Dairy Products, Prohibition of Fish and Meat