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Pain and suffering are important thematic motifs which provide clues to help us understand César Vallejo’s poetic work. The ele-ments related to pain and suffering are manifested through expe-riences which develop through a process of evolution. In Los heraldos negros, human beings are destined to suffer pain without understanding its cause. The poem expresses a continuous complaint to a God who has abandoned his children, until the one who suffers is transformed and becomes “the real God”. This fact of transformation helps Vallejo to conceive of the idea of a divine pain. Thus, there are many allusions to the imagery of Christianity. In Trilce, his second poetic work, pain is not the central issue but emerges in the word “stuck”, because the word itself is pain. On the other hand, in Poemas humanos (Human poems), pain is “a knowledge source for all who suffer” (fuente de conocimiento de todos los que sufren) (Xirau, 106). Pain now becomes a way of identifying “The Man”, and it becomes a way to consolidate “The Man” into “The One” (lo Uno). Likewise, pain joins anguish as a series occurring through time, where the first experience exceeds the limits of the last one. Finally, in España aparta de mí este cáliz, suffering is a stream that remakes the world. Man is sacralized to the point of achieving that divinity that way demanded in Los heraldos negros: Now man has become God.
