본고는 김금원의 <호동서락기(湖東西洛記)>를 보다 실체적으로 분석하여 산수문학으로서 <호동서락기(湖東西洛記)>가 지닌 문학적 가치를 조명해 보고자 하였다. 금원은 강원도 원주 지역의 영기(營妓) 출신으로, ‘금앵(錦鶯)’이라는 기명으로 당대 문사들에게 이름이 나 있던 상태였다. <호동서락기(湖東西洛記)>와 여타 문인의 문집을 토대로 하여 금원의 생애를 재구성한 결과, (1)김덕희와의 결연 이전에 경험한 1차 유람은 營妓의 신분으로 직역을 수행하면서 이루어졌을 가능성을 제시하였다. 아울러 (2)김덕희와 결연한 시기는 25세에서 29세 사이며, 40세 이전에 생을 마감한 것으로 밝혀졌다. <호동서락기(湖東西洛記)>는 산수문학으로서 몇 가지 중요한 특징을 드러낸다. 우선 여러 차례의 유람을 한데 묶어 제시함으로서 남성 문인에 못지 않는 자부심을 드러내고자 했음을 지적하였다. 둘째로 견문을 알리는 데에 있어서 폭넓게 전고를 끌어다 쓰며 현학적인 모습을 보이고 있음을 들었다. 셋째로, 기문(記文)임에도 불구하고 詩 못지 않게 정치한 대우법과 구체적인 묘사를 사용하고 있어 유려한 산문 미학이 돋보이고 있음을 들었다. 이들은 모두 금원이 스스로 남자도 이루기 쉽지 않은 유람의 경험을 지니고 있으며, 이러한 경험을 뛰어난 문학적 재능을 활용해 기록할 수 있음을 드러내는 데에 기여하고 있다. 금원은 전통적인 ‘요산요수(樂山樂水)’의 유람관을 지녔다. 그 까닭은 그와 주로 문학 활동을 함께 했던 인물들이 사대부가의 남성 문인들이었기 때문으로 파악하였다. 또 금원은 작품 속에서 자신의 유람 경험에 강한 자부심을 보였을 뿐만 아니라 자신을 여성 혹은 소실을 넘어 ‘군자’로 인식하려는 경향을 강하게 보였다. 이렇게 그가 처한 신분적 상황과 작자의 화자로서의 상황이 괴리되어 나타나는 까닭은 대다수의 독자를 강하게 인식하였기 때문으로 파악하였다. 그러나 앞서 지적한 작품의 특성은 작가 스스로가 자신의 저술 활동을 개인적인 차원에 한정시키려 하지 않았음을 의미한다. 자신도 남성 사대부 문인과 똑같이 혹은 더욱 우월하게 문학적 재능과 그에 상응하는 경험을 지녔음을 과시하는 것이며, 이를 통해 자신의 정체성을 인정받고자 하는 시도로 파악해야 할 것이다. 더욱이 <호동서락기(湖東西洛記)>의 가치를 동류들에게 인정받고자 했던 것은 서술 주체로서 자아를 인식했음을 드러낸 것이라 파악하였다.

This study tried to focus on the literary value of "HODONGSEOLAKGI' as a 'Landscape Literature' through a more substantial analysis of 'HODONSEOLAKGI' conceived by 'KUM- WON,KIM'. As a result of restructure of KUM-WON's life on the basis of 'HODONGSEOLAKGI' and literary collections of other writers, possibilities were suggested that (1) KUM-WON, raised in the family of government gisaeng in 'Won-Ju' area of 'Gangwon- Do', was familiar to the writers of that time with a gisaeng name of 'KUMAENG', (2) the first sightseeing which was experienced before she married 'DEOK-HEE,KIM' was conducted while she played the role of government gisaeng, and further it was found that (3) she was married to 'DEOK-HEE,KIM' from 25 to 29 years old, finishing her life before 40 years old. 'HODONGSEOLAKGI' shows a few important characteristics as a 'Landscape Literature'. First of all, it shows that she tried to reveal her pride as high as male writers by presenting the collection of her sightseeing conducted many times. Secondly, it shows that she used sophisticated way of writing by introducing wide range of authentic precedents in writing her experiences. Thirdly, it shows that her use of antithesis as elaborate as poems and specific description makes her fluent prose aesthetics outstanding, although it was written by a gisaeng. These characteristics contribute to revealing that 'KUM-WON' herself had the experiences of sightseeing which even men couldn't have easily, and that she was able to record those experiences by utilizing her distinguished literary talent. 'KUM-WON' conducted literary activities with male writers of the nobility family. As it was the nobility male writers that played the decisive role in 'KUM-WON''s securing the hierarchial position by demonstrating her literary talent, her perspective on sightseeing was naturally closely linked to the sightseeing perspective of traditional 'Mountain Love Water Love' spirit pursued by Confucian scholars. That 'KUM-WON' did not have a unique perspective on sightseeing worthy of her position, and that she tried to beautify the meaning of her existence as a concubine should be recognized as a marginal condition that couldn't be surpassed at that time. But it was revealed that she was conscious of her ego as the main agent of description by trying to be recognized by her fellow writers of the value of 'HODONGSEOLAKGI' which was her laborious work of writing.

This study tried to focus on the literary value of "HODONGSEOLAKGI' as a 'Landscape Literature' through a more substantial analysis of 'HODONSEOLAKGI' conceived by 'KUM- WON,KIM'. As a result of restructure of KUM-WON's life on the basis of 'HODONGSEOLAKGI' and literary collections of other writers, possibilities were suggested that (1) KUM-WON, raised in the family of government gisaeng in 'Won-Ju' area of 'Gangwon- Do', was familiar to the writers of that time with a gisaeng name of 'KUMAENG', (2) the first sightseeing which was experienced before she married 'DEOK-HEE,KIM' was conducted while she played the role of government gisaeng, and further it was found that (3) she was married to 'DEOK-HEE,KIM' from 25 to 29 years old, finishing her life before 40 years old. 'HODONGSEOLAKGI' shows a few important characteristics as a 'Landscape Literature'. First of all, it shows that she tried to reveal her pride as high as male writers by presenting the collection of her sightseeing conducted many times. Secondly, it shows that she used sophisticated way of writing by introducing wide range of authentic precedents in writing her experiences. Thirdly, it shows that her use of antithesis as elaborate as poems and specific description makes her fluent prose aesthetics outstanding, although it was written by a gisaeng. These characteristics contribute to revealing that 'KUM-WON' herself had the experiences of sightseeing which even men couldn't have easily, and that she was able to record those experiences by utilizing her distinguished literary talent. 'KUM-WON' conducted literary activities with male writers of the nobility family. As it was the nobility male writers that played the decisive role in 'KUM-WON''s securing the hierarchial position by demonstrating her literary talent, her perspective on sightseeing was naturally closely linked to the sightseeing perspective of traditional 'Mountain Love Water Love' spirit pursued by Confucian scholars. That 'KUM-WON' did not have a unique perspective on sightseeing worthy of her position, and that she tried to beautify the meaning of her existence as a concubine should be recognized as a marginal condition that couldn't be surpassed at that time. But it was revealed that she was conscious of her ego as the main agent of description by trying to be recognized by her fellow writers of the value of 'HODONGSEOLAKGI' which was her laborious work of writing.

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'HODONGSEOLAKGI', 'KUM-WON", 'KUM-AENG', Perspective on Sightseeing, Agent of Description, Landscape Literature