본 논문의 목적은 정몽주 사상의 근간을 이루고 있는 그의 경학사상을 재검토하는 데에 있다. 유가 경전을 중심으로 철학적 사색을 심화시켜 사상적 기반을 구축한 정몽주의 경학사상에 대한 고찰은 그의 철학사상에 대한 근거를 구명하는 것으로서 깊은 의미를 가지는 것이다. 정몽주의 학문세계는 자득지학에 의거하여 형성된 것으로서, 유학의 기본경전인 『사서』와 『오경』을 기반으로 성현(聖賢)의 구도정신을 터득한 결과 경학중시사상이 기본바탕으로 흐르고 있으며, 이는 바로 유학의 이념을 현실화하는 것을 방향으로 삼아 당시 직면한 사회적 여러 문제들에 대하여 적극적이며 능동적 기능을 수행하였다. 정몽주는 『사서』 가운데 특히 『대학』과 『중용』의 중요성을 자각하고 이에 깊이 심취하여 체득하였으며, 『주역』에 대해서도 조예가 깊었다. 정몽주는 특히 역의 간괘(艮卦)를 중시하였는데, 그것은 간괘가 시중지도(時中之道)를 밝혀주는 것으로 판단하였기 때문이다. 『춘추』에 대해서는 중화(中華)와 이적(夷狄)의 구분이 지역에 따라 결정되는 것을 부정하였다. 정몽주의 이러한 의식은 춘추의리 및 화이론의 새로운 적용으로서 인도적 측면과 현실적 측면이 동시에 고려된 것이기도 하지만 이것은 태조 이래의 고려 전통정신의 계승이기도 한 것이었다. 정몽주의 철학사상은 유학의 기본경전에 내포되어있는 그 근본정신에서 벗어나지 않고 그것에 충실하고자 함에 있었다.

This study is aimed to review again the idea of GyeongHak that basically supports Jung Mong Joo's idea. It is deeply meaningful to study the idea of GyeongHak of Jung Mong Joo who established the ideological base by deepening his philosophical thoughts focused on Confucian classics. Jung Mong Joo's world of learning was formed on JaDeukJiHak. He was enlightened of the great Confucian scholars' spirit of investigation on the truth based on the basic Confucian classics 'SaSeo' and 'OhGyeong', so that his idea was based on the idea to value GyeongHak. His idea played energetic and positive functions on various social issues he faced that time in the direction of making the idea of Confucianism true. Jung Mong Joo was conscious of the importance of especially 'DaeHak' and 'JungYong' in 'SaSeo' and enlightened of them enthusiastically. He was deeply knowledgeable of 'JuYeok' also. He valued especially GanGoi of Yeok because he thought that it would brighten SiJungJiDo. Regarding 'ChunChu', he denied that Chinese influencing area and barbarian area were distinguished by geographical area. Such idea of Jung Mong Joo was based on a new application of ChunChuEuiRi and HwaIRon considering both humanitarian and realistic aspects. It was, however, the traditional spirit of Goryeo that had been inherited since King TaeJo. Jung Mong Joo's philosophical idea was not out of the fundamental idea of Confucianism connoted in the basic Confucian classics but faithful to them.

This study is aimed to review again the idea of GyeongHak that basically supports Jung Mong Joo's idea. It is deeply meaningful to study the idea of GyeongHak of Jung Mong Joo who established the ideological base by deepening his philosophical thoughts focused on Confucian classics. Jung Mong Joo's world of learning was formed on JaDeukJiHak. He was enlightened of the great Confucian scholars' spirit of investigation on the truth based on the basic Confucian classics 'SaSeo' and 'OhGyeong', so that his idea was based on the idea to value GyeongHak. His idea played energetic and positive functions on various social issues he faced that time in the direction of making the idea of Confucianism true. Jung Mong Joo was conscious of the importance of especially 'DaeHak' and 'JungYong' in 'SaSeo' and enlightened of them enthusiastically. He was deeply knowledgeable of 'JuYeok' also. He valued especially GanGoi of Yeok because he thought that it would brighten SiJungJiDo. Regarding 'ChunChu', he denied that Chinese influencing area and barbarian area were distinguished by geographical area. Such idea of Jung Mong Joo was based on a new application of ChunChuEuiRi and HwaIRon considering both humanitarian and realistic aspects. It was, however, the traditional spirit of Goryeo that had been inherited since King TaeJo. Jung Mong Joo's philosophical idea was not out of the fundamental idea of Confucianism connoted in the basic Confucian classics but faithful to them.

Jung Mong Joo, GyeongHak, DaeHak, JungYong, JuYeok and ChunChu