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The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that explain the political participation through social network service(SNS). This study adopted survey method with the local citizens who have used the SNS. The analysis of structural equation modeling show that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation have significantly positive impacts on political participation through SNS. The result shows that political efficacy also has significantly positive effect on political participation through SNS. Using multi-group analysis, this study tests hypotheses about moderating effects of political orientation on the relationship between political efficacy and political participation through SNS. The result shows that political orientation has significant moderating effects on the relationship between political efficacy and political participation through SNS. Based on these results, the theoretical and practical implications for improving the local citizens' political participation through SNS are also discussed.