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This study investigated the determinants of performance in social enterprises. Using structural equation modeling, it analyzed the effects of employee participation, strategic approach, CEO leadership, management reform, and governmental support on social performance through the mediating effect of economic performance. The results indicated that the proposed model fit the data very well. While employee participation had positive effects on both economic and social performance, CEO leadership had a positive effect only on social performance. Further, governmental support, strategic approach, and management reform did not have significant effects on economic and social performance. The results provided important insights into policies for fostering social enterprises.