이 논문은 예수회가 16～17세기 동아시아에서 펼친 ‘적응주의 선교 정책’의 의의를 규명하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 예수회는 종교개혁의 거센 물결이 유럽을 강타하던 시기에 창설되었다. 유럽에서는 설립초기부터 교회를 지적 · 영적으로 쇄신했고, 휴머니즘과 르네상스의 영향을 받아 교육의 커리큘럼을 개혁했으며, 보호권과 종교개혁에 대응하여 교회가 진정으로 나아갈 방향을 고민하였다. 아프리카와 남미에서는 노예 상인들에 맞서 원주민들의 인권 보호에 앞장섰고 흑인 노예들의 개종과 문명 교육에 힘썼다. 그리고 아시아에서는 오늘날 그리스도교 토착화의 원형이라고 할 수 있는 적응주의 선교 정책으로 지역문화와의 대화를 시도했다. 이 논문에서는 아시아의 선교 정책에 초점을 맞추어 논의를 개진해 보고자 한다. 예수회의 ‘적응주의 선교 정책’은 대화의 차원에서 진행된 근대적인 선교 방식으로서 선교학에서도 중요한 역사적인 의미가 있는 선교 방법론이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 이 분야의 연구는 미비한 상태에 있다고 생각된다. 따라서 필자가 이 논문에서 특별히 다루고자 하는 부분은 ‘적응주의 선교 정책’의 연원과 관련한 부분이다. 즉, 적응주의의 배경에 관한 것으로서 유럽의 휴머니즘과 르네상스의 영향을 살펴보고, 적응주의의 역사적인 상황으로서 식민지 시대의 보호권 선교노선과 종교개혁의 여파 및 아시아를 향한 유럽인의 진출에 대해 논의해 보는 것이다. 적응주의는 동아시아 예수회의 선교 방법론으로서 과거 다른 대륙에서는 생각조차 하지 못했던 아시아의 특수한 상황을 고려하여 아시아에 맞춘 ‘맞춤식’ 선교 정책이었다. 이것은 바오로 신학을 근거로 하여, 제2차 바티칸공의회의 노선을 4세기 가량 앞당긴 대단히 진보적인 방법론이었다. 그래서 지금도 ‘본성상 선교해야 하는’(선교교령 2항) 교회로서는 결코 간과할 수 없는 중요한 이슈라고 할 수 있다.

This is a study to investigate the significance of Accommodation. It is a mission policy that the Society of Jesus managed in East Asia in the 16-17th centuries. The Society of Jesus was established when the Reformation broke out and affected all over the Europe. This promoted intellectual and spiritual renovation of the Church reformation in educational curriculum that was affected by Humanism and Renaissance, and agonized the right direction for the church confronting Custody and Reformation in Europe. In addition, it took the lead in protecting the human right of natives against slavers, and made an effort to convert and educate black slaves in Africa and South America. And in Asia, the Society of Jesus tried to communicate with regional culture with Accommodation - The original form of that is now being called as the Christian inculturation. This paper is mainly focused on missionary policy in Asia. Accommodation has an important historical meaning in missionary methodology as the modern propagation way has been progressed by communication. Nevertheless, this study has not been properly discussed. Henceforth, I decided to concentrate upon the origin of Accommodation in this paper. Hence it may clarify some arguments on accurate basis regarding the adaptation principle that has had much rumors. The origin of Accommodation refers to the background and genesis of Accommodation. In other words, it means that on what historical context and event the Accommodation was affected. This study is also able to reveal who accepted it and how it was accepted. In extension, details of the content of it as well. As the Accommodation of the Society of Jesus is based on Pauline Theology from its beginning, it was very progressive methodology preceding about 4 centuries to the 2nd Vatican Council. Thus it is a big issue that should not be neglected by the Church who has her own “missionary nature”(AG 2) by nature.

This is a study to investigate the significance of Accommodation. It is a mission policy that the Society of Jesus managed in East Asia in the 16-17th centuries. The Society of Jesus was established when the Reformation broke out and affected all over the Europe. This promoted intellectual and spiritual renovation of the Church reformation in educational curriculum that was affected by Humanism and Renaissance, and agonized the right direction for the church confronting Custody and Reformation in Europe. In addition, it took the lead in protecting the human right of natives against slavers, and made an effort to convert and educate black slaves in Africa and South America. And in Asia, the Society of Jesus tried to communicate with regional culture with Accommodation - The original form of that is now being called as the Christian inculturation. This paper is mainly focused on missionary policy in Asia. Accommodation has an important historical meaning in missionary methodology as the modern propagation way has been progressed by communication. Nevertheless, this study has not been properly discussed. Henceforth, I decided to concentrate upon the origin of Accommodation in this paper. Hence it may clarify some arguments on accurate basis regarding the adaptation principle that has had much rumors. The origin of Accommodation refers to the background and genesis of Accommodation. In other words, it means that on what historical context and event the Accommodation was affected. This study is also able to reveal who accepted it and how it was accepted. In extension, details of the content of it as well. As the Accommodation of the Society of Jesus is based on Pauline Theology from its beginning, it was very progressive methodology preceding about 4 centuries to the 2nd Vatican Council. Thus it is a big issue that should not be neglected by the Church who has her own “missionary nature”(AG 2) by nature.

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Humanism, Renaissance, Geographical discoveries, Reformation, Catholic reformation, Francisco Xavier, Alessandro Valignano, Matteo Ricci, Michele Ruggieri, Accommodation, Jesuit, socio-cultural variables