중국 사회의 신속한 발전과 더불어 새로운 유형의 소송사건들이 급증하게 되어 원래의 소송제도는 더 이상 새로운 사회수요를 효과적으로 만족시킬 수 없게 되었고 현대 사법이념에 따라 시장경제수요에 적응하고 국제적인 선진수준의 민사소송법을 제정할 것을 박절히 수요하고 있다. 2007년 개정 민사소송법은 재심절차에서 사실인정에서의 착오와 법률적용에서의 착오 및 절차에서의 위반 등으로 나누어 재심사유를 기존의 5가지 항목으로부터 13가지 항목으로 증설하여 구체적으로 규정하였고 재심신청을 상급 인민법원에 제기하게 하였으며 재심심사기한을 3개월로 정하였다. 재심절차에서의 이러한 새로운 규정들은 많은 면에서 획기적인 발전을 가져왔으나 현대 민사소송법의 체계로부터 고찰하면 아직도 많은 문제점이 존재하고 있다. 즉 재심절차는 아직도 인민법원의 결정 또는 인민검찰원의 항소로 인하여 발생하고 있고, 이러한 재심제기의 복합구조는 당사자의 처분권을 침범하고 법원의 재판중립의 원칙을 위배하며 국가권력의 소송간여로 인하여 소송에서 당사자의 평등한 지위가 파괴되고 종국판결로 하여금 종국이 없는 국면을 초래하게 되어 법적 안정성을 잃게 된다. 향후 외국의 선진적인 법체계를 계수하여 중국의 실정에 맞는 민사소송제도를 확립해야 한다. 즉 재심제기에서 당사자의 재심신청을 유일한 수단으로 하고 검찰원의 항소를 공익사건과 집단사건에 제한하며 법원의 재심결정을 취소하여 당사자의 처분권을 존중하고 민사소송에서의 평등한 지위를 보증해야 한다. 따라서 3심종심제를 채택하여 재판의 권위성을 확보함으로써 무제한적인 재심현상을 막아야 할 것이다.

According to the sharply raising development of Chinese society, many new kinds of civil litigation have been emerging so the existing litigation system is not suitable for these new circumstances. Thus, a new and international civil litigation system is required to satisfy new demand. Civil litigation amended in 2007 extends the causes of retrial procedure from 5 to 13 provisions, which are largely divided by error on fact approval, error on legal approval and violation on procedure, and prescribes that retrial motion has to be brought by upper the people's court and period of retrial judgement has to be done within 3 months. These new provisions of retrial procedure brought many epochal developments in many aspects however, many problems are still existing because retrial procedure is still brought by decision of the people's court and appeal of the people's procurator. This complex retrial structure encroaches disposition of party, violates neutrality principle of court and destructs equal status of party on trial by intervening of state power. Consequently, under this condition, it is hard to maintain legal stability. Therefore, civil litigation system suitable for chinese circumstances must be established by adopting foreign advanced legal system from now on. In other words, retrial motion of party is to be the only way to propose retrial and appeal of procurator is to be limited to the cases for the public and collective body. Furthermore, by canceling retrial decision of court, disposition of party should be respected and equal status should be guaranteed on civil litigation. In conclusion, the court of third instance being that of the last instance should be adopted to confirm authority of judgement and prevent unlimited retrial.

According to the sharply raising development of Chinese society, many new kinds of civil litigation have been emerging so the existing litigation system is not suitable for these new circumstances. Thus, a new and international civil litigation system is required to satisfy new demand. Civil litigation amended in 2007 extends the causes of retrial procedure from 5 to 13 provisions, which are largely divided by error on fact approval, error on legal approval and violation on procedure, and prescribes that retrial motion has to be brought by upper the people's court and period of retrial judgement has to be done within 3 months. These new provisions of retrial procedure brought many epochal developments in many aspects however, many problems are still existing because retrial procedure is still brought by decision of the people's court and appeal of the people's procurator. This complex retrial structure encroaches disposition of party, violates neutrality principle of court and destructs equal status of party on trial by intervening of state power. Consequently, under this condition, it is hard to maintain legal stability. Therefore, civil litigation system suitable for chinese circumstances must be established by adopting foreign advanced legal system from now on. In other words, retrial motion of party is to be the only way to propose retrial and appeal of procurator is to be limited to the cases for the public and collective body. Furthermore, by canceling retrial decision of court, disposition of party should be respected and equal status should be guaranteed on civil litigation. In conclusion, the court of third instance being that of the last instance should be adopted to confirm authority of judgement and prevent unlimited retrial.

Civil Litigation, Retrial Procedure, Retrial Cause, Decision, Appeal