초록 열기/닫기 버튼
어느 시대든 차를 마시는 음차방식은 여러 유형이었을 것으로 생각된다. 통일신라 이전에도 우리나라 나름의 음차문화가 이미 형성되어 있었을 것이다. 그러나 보다 선진적인 차문화를 가진 중국으로부터 수용된 차문화는 통일신라 차문화의 발전에 많은 영향을 미쳤다. 통일신라시대에 식생활에서 사용되는 일반적인 용기는 금속기나 칠기이다. 이러한 식기의 구조에서 중국 수입 도자기들이 적극 선호되었던 배경은 통일신라시대에 새로이 형성된 차문화와 관련이 있을 것으로 추정된다. 이러한 관점에서 이 글에서는 특히 차를 제조하고 마시는 茶文化에 관심을 두고 중국 수입 도자기들을 조명하려 한다. 이에 따라 중국 수입 도자의 기형의 변화를 분석하여 통일신라 차문화를 살펴보겠다. 8세기 중반까지는 식음료에 쓰이는 완이나 수주 등의 기형을 살필 수 없는 반면 8세기 후반부터 장사요 도기, 형요 백자, 월주요 청자의 직구연의 기형에 옥벽저의 굽을 가진 완이 집중적으로 등장하는 것이 고찰되었다. 중국 장사요 “嶽麓寺 茶碗”銘碗이 직구연의 기형과 옥벽저 굽의 기형인 것을 참고할 때, 이러한 기형의 완은 중국에서 다완으로 널리 쓰인 기형이라는 것을 알 수 있다. 8세기 후반부터 다완으로 쓰인 기형의 완이 대거 통일신라에 수입되는 것은 통일신라에 중국 차문화가 확산되는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 이 시기는 중국에서는 육우가 집필한 ≪다경≫이 차문화의 지침이 되어 황실에서부터 민간에 이르기까지 차문화가 보편화가 되던 시기이다. 왕실과 불교 사찰에서 기호품으로 음용된 중국의 차문화는 통일신라유적에서 출토된 수주와 주자로 볼 때 餠茶를 갈아서 수주에 넣어 우린 다음 완에 따라서 마시는 병차의 음용방식으로 판단된다. 이와 관련하여 통일신라 유적에서 발견되는 8세기 후반과 9세기 전반기의 장사요도자 9점 중 7점이 수주인 점이 주목된다. 한편 8세기 후반과 9세기의 전중반으로 편년되는 장사요 수주는 주구가 짧고 직구인 반면 9세기 후반에서 10세기로 편년되는 황룡사와 청해진 출토의 월주요 주자의 주구는 길고 곡선의 형태를 띠고 있다. 이는 당말시기에 시작된 중국의 點茶 문화와 그 궤를 같이 하는 것으로 조심스럽게 추정해 볼 수 있다.
It is considered that there were various tea drinking styles regardless of the times. Even before the United Silla Kingdom, Korean typical tea drinking culture is thought to have already been formed. However, the import of more advanced Chinese tea culture had a big effect on the development of tea culture in the United Silla Kingdom. In the period of the United Silla Kingdom, metal or lacquer vessels were generally used in dietary life. In relation to such a vessel culture, it is assumed that the preference for imported Chinese ceramics is closely connected with the newly formed tea culture in the United Silla Kingdom. Based on this point of view, this abstract looked into imported Chinese ceramics with a keen interest in tea culture, in particular, about how to produce and drink it. Thus, this abstract investigated the tea culture of the United Silla Kingdom by analyzing the changes in the shapes of imported Chinese ceramics. It was investigated that it is impossible to examine the shapes of bowls or ewers until the mid 8th century, which had been used as vessels containing food or beverages. However, after the late 8th century, it was found that shallow bowl with Jade disk feet came to be popular in straight mouth bowl seen in Changsha Kiln ceramics, white porcelains of Xing Kiln and Yue klin celadons. Since China's Tea bowl of Changsha Kiln have the shapes of straight mouth bowl and Jade disk feet, it is considered that these types of bowls were typical shapes which were widely used in Chinese tea bowls. The import of tea vessels in large numbers to the United Silla Kingdom after the late 8th century seems to show that Chinese tea culture began to spread into the United Silla Kingdom. In this period, tea culture began to be popular in China from the royal family to the public as Lu Yu wrote "Tea Classic," a guide book of tea culture. When assumed with ewers excavated in the relics of the United Silla Kingdom, it seems that Chinese tea culture seen in the royal family and buddhist temples as one of luxury grocery items is a cake-tea drinking style in which cake-tea is grinded, put into ewers and soaked out, and then served in a bowl. In relation to this, it is remarkable that seven out of nine Changsha Kiln pieces discovered in the relics of the United Silla Kingdom between the late 8th century and the early 8th century are ewers. Meanwhile, ewers of Changsha Kiln, dating back to the late 8th or the early and mid 9th century, have short mouth of ewer and straight shapes, but ewers of Yue Klin, excavated in Hwangnyong Temple and Cheonghaejin, dating back to the late 9th century or the 10th century, have long and curved mouth of ewer. It can be assumed that this is linked to Chinese pointing tea culture that began in the late Tang dynasty period.
It is considered that there were various tea drinking styles regardless of the times. Even before the United Silla Kingdom, Korean typical tea drinking culture is thought to have already been formed. However, the import of more advanced Chinese tea culture had a big effect on the development of tea culture in the United Silla Kingdom. In the period of the United Silla Kingdom, metal or lacquer vessels were generally used in dietary life. In relation to such a vessel culture, it is assumed that the preference for imported Chinese ceramics is closely connected with the newly formed tea culture in the United Silla Kingdom. Based on this point of view, this abstract looked into imported Chinese ceramics with a keen interest in tea culture, in particular, about how to produce and drink it. Thus, this abstract investigated the tea culture of the United Silla Kingdom by analyzing the changes in the shapes of imported Chinese ceramics. It was investigated that it is impossible to examine the shapes of bowls or ewers until the mid 8th century, which had been used as vessels containing food or beverages. However, after the late 8th century, it was found that shallow bowl with Jade disk feet came to be popular in straight mouth bowl seen in Changsha Kiln ceramics, white porcelains of Xing Kiln and Yue klin celadons. Since China's Tea bowl of Changsha Kiln have the shapes of straight mouth bowl and Jade disk feet, it is considered that these types of bowls were typical shapes which were widely used in Chinese tea bowls. The import of tea vessels in large numbers to the United Silla Kingdom after the late 8th century seems to show that Chinese tea culture began to spread into the United Silla Kingdom. In this period, tea culture began to be popular in China from the royal family to the public as Lu Yu wrote "Tea Classic," a guide book of tea culture. When assumed with ewers excavated in the relics of the United Silla Kingdom, it seems that Chinese tea culture seen in the royal family and buddhist temples as one of luxury grocery items is a cake-tea drinking style in which cake-tea is grinded, put into ewers and soaked out, and then served in a bowl. In relation to this, it is remarkable that seven out of nine Changsha Kiln pieces discovered in the relics of the United Silla Kingdom between the late 8th century and the early 8th century are ewers. Meanwhile, ewers of Changsha Kiln, dating back to the late 8th or the early and mid 9th century, have short mouth of ewer and straight shapes, but ewers of Yue Klin, excavated in Hwangnyong Temple and Cheonghaejin, dating back to the late 9th century or the 10th century, have long and curved mouth of ewer. It can be assumed that this is linked to Chinese pointing tea culture that began in the late Tang dynasty period.
키워드열기/닫기 버튼
tea culture, tea bowl, Yue klin, Changsha Kiln, Xing Kiln, cake tea, pointing tea