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The paper, based on first-hand experiences and observations from eight years of intensive fieldwork, attempts to examine what "livelihood strategies" for low-income households are and to what extent they can achieve “sustainable lives” by utilizing scarce resources and practicing “sustainable agriculture” in the rural area in Northeast Thailand, the poorest region in Thailand. Under the conditions such as limited cash-income, many low-income households would face difficulties when they try procuring enough resources (goods and services) through market transactions only. By examining closely how they mobilize local resources in the pursuit of “sustainable agriculture”, the paper provides an insight about “lives as lived” on the margin of self- subsistence and gives their lives a high value by describing “local rationalities”.