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The aim of this study was to analyze the lexical characteristics of Korean and Chinese elementary school textbooks and the way in which the four basic language skills of English were presented in those textbooks. The texts for the analysis consisted of a Korean third grade elementary school English textbook and a Chinese first grade elementary school English textbook. Analysis of English vocabulary and comparison of the English language skills between the two countries presented the following results. First, a greater number of English vocabulary items were found in the Chinese textbook than in the Korean textbook. Second, the Korean textbook contained more content words than function words. Third, vocabulary analysis according to theme demonstrated that the Chinese textbook contained a greater diversity of words for each thematic area than the Korean textbook. In addition, a comparison of vocabulary reflecting the cultural background of each country showed that the first grade Chinese English textbook listed more words than the third grade Korean English textbook.