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The global Christianity in the 21st century stands at the crossroad of a drastic paradigm shift, as its great portion of population moves towards the South. At this critical time when a number of unprecedented issues are posed, the church needs to reflect and reclaim its biblical identity in its attempt to pursue “one holy catholic universal church.” Particularly as the 10th General Assembly of the WCC is to be held in Busan in 2013,the church in Korea needs to revisit the ecclesiology in the New Testament, and to explore it from an ecumenical perspective. This study examines the major images of the church in the New Testament with the view of bringing to the fore the biblical ecumenical ecclesiology. The representative concepts of the church, such as the body of Christ, the people of God, the temple of the Holy Spirit, and a new creation, are reviewed and discussed. Well-known as they are, these images have been hardly, or insufficiently, explained in their connection to the ecumenical effort at church unity and the ecumenical church’s engagement in the various struggles for life, justice and peace in the contemporary world. Therefore, while exploring each ecclesiological theme,this study attempts to provide such a connection in interdisciplinary discussions. The present article aims to lay a biblical foundation for the ecumenical ecclesiology through an investigation of the major concepts of the church in the New Testament.