초록 열기/닫기 버튼
일제의 대한제국 병탄 이후부터 1945년까지 끈질기게 계속된 만주에서 독립운동은 다양한 방법론과 이념이 표출되고 다수의 조직과 단체, 수많은 한인 독립운동가와 민중이 참가한 가운데 큰 희생을 치르며 매우 치열하게 전개되었다. 일반적으로 독립운동은 병합의 기존 질서 속에 있다가 그것으로부터 탈피하려는 정치ㆍ사회운동으로 파악할 수 있다. 독립전쟁은 병합에 대한 극렬한 저항의식이 있어 원래의 합병을 무효화하기 위한 투쟁의 과정이었다. 1920년대 동북만주지역 독립전쟁의 대표적 사례라고 할 수 있는 청산리 전역은 항일무장독립전쟁으로서 응당 전쟁의 문제를 다루는 군사학적 관점에서 접근해야 한다. 즉 청산리전역 당시 일본군은 간도지역 독립군을 박멸(撲滅)하고 무장투쟁의 근거지인 간도지역을 초토화하는 전략을 수립하였고 독립군 부대를 포위섬멸하려는 전술을 구사하였다. 반면에 독립군은 무장력을 보존하는 전략을 채택하였으나, 일본군의 포위작전에 대응하여 결전으로 승리하는 것을 전술적 목표로 채택하였다. 청산리전역을 통해 독립전쟁의 궁극적인 전략 목표인 국권회복은 달성하지는 못했지만, 전술적 목표는 달성하고 밀산 지역으로 독립군 부대를 이동시켰다. 이와 같은 청산리전역을 통해 살펴본 1920년 동북만주 무장독립전쟁의 군사사학적 의의를 고찰하였다.
Independence movement with various theory of the means and ideology, a large number of organization and group, many forces for national independence, and the populace had perseveringly proceeded until the year 1945 in Manchuria. Independence movement is generally understood as an political society movement that attempts to grow out of the appertained to the existing system. Independence war is grasped as the process of fierce fight in order to nullify the domination of foreign country and people. Therefore anti-Japanese armed struggles should be classified as ‘independence war’ because there was organized military activity of an army for national independence. In 1920’s typical case of independence war in northeast area,Cheongsan-ri campaign, is the ‘anti-Japanese armed independence war’practiced scheme theory of independence led by provisional government. At that time Japanese forces established scorched earth strategy where the armed struggles were frequent and they commanded an enveloping annihilation. On the other hand, the army for national independence selected the resistance to enveloping operation by Japanese as tactical goal and preservation of their armed strength as strategical goal. Their ultimate goal, restoration of its sovereignty, was not achieved through Cheongsan-ri campaign but completed tactical goal then moved the forces to Milsan area for next battles. Through Cheongsan-ri campaign, implications of the anti-Japanese armed independence war from the military historical view are followings; Cheongsan-ri campaign 1)was ‘preparatory war’ thorough consistent armaments activity of the army, 2)should be considered as the great victory which completely ruined ‘scorch earth operation’that had been established for about an year, 3)provided a practical foundation to maintain the legitimacy of our forces, 4)provided ethos that engenders confidence to obtain the independence, and 5)casualty from Kando area was huge due to the lack of provisional government’s ability to control the war.
키워드열기/닫기 버튼
Independence movement, Independence war, Anti-Japanese Armed Struggles, Anti-Japanese Armed Independence War, Cheongsan-ri Campaign, Military historical research
