이 논문은 1441년(세종 23) 11월에 조선 정부와 대마도주가 맺은 孤草島釣魚禁約에서 ‘고초도’의 위치를 검토한다. 고초도에서 고기잡이는 대마도 어민에게 생명줄과 같았다. 이에 대마도주 宗貞盛은 조선 정부에 고초도에서 고기잡이를 할 수 있도록 지속적으로 간청하였다. 그러나 잦은 왜구의 침입으로 조선 정부는 왜인을 통제할 수밖에 없었으며, 이러한 일환으로 고초도조어금약이 체결되었다. 조선 정부가 통제선으로 규정한 남해안의 고초도 위치에 대해서는 현재 일본인 학자 長節子의 연구가 통설적으로 적용되고 있다. 長節子는 고초도 위치를 현재 전남 여수 거문도(고도･서도･동도)로 비정하였다. 그러나 문헌을 통해 항로를 재현하면 섬은 육지와 인접한 근해에 위치하고 있었으며, 당시 돛단배 항해술로 먼 바다를 이용하는 데는 한계가 있었다. 이는 서남해안의 섬들과 지리적 여건을 비교하여도 거문도는 먼 바다(외해)에 위치하여 접근이 용이하지 않았다는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 “孤, 草兩島釣魚定約”에서 孤島를 音이 같다는 이유로 현재 거문도의 일부인 古島로 인식하고 있는데, 이는 단어적 의미에 불과하다. 즉 외딴 섬, 외로운 섬으로 絶海孤島로 보는 것이 타당하다. 그리고 거문도와 주변 섬사람의 생활에서도 거문도를 삼도라고 단정할 수 없다. 섬의 위치를 파악하기 위해서는 문헌 검토와 함께 지리적 여건과 바다를 이용하는 행태(해류, 뱃길, 어로범위)와 생활･문화적 환경 등을 검토하는 것도 매우 중요하다. 그러한 종합적인 검토를 통하여 고초도의 위치를 새롭게 비정하였다. 고려 말부터 빈번하게 출몰한 왜적으로 인하여 조선 정부에서는 ‘島嶼居住禁止’ 조치를 내리게 되었는데, 이로 인하여 섬에 대한 문헌자료의 한계가 있어, 보다 다양한 접근으로 섬 연구가 시급하다고 본다.

This paper checked about Gocho-do's location that Chosun government and Tsushima island's lord signed in November 1441 from Gocho-do Fishing Treaty. A fishing is the lifeline to fisher in Tsushima. So Their lord asked Chosun for they could fish in Gocho-do. But Chosun had to control Japanese because their frequent invasion. Therefore Gocho-do Fishing treaty(孤草島釣魚禁約) was signed. Generally, In these days Jang Joul-ja's research was accepted about Gocho-do's location that Chosun defined as line of control. He determined Gocho-do's location that is current Junnam Yeosu Gemun-do(Go-do, Su-do, Dong-do). But, if the sea route is reproduced through literature, We find the island were very near the land and sailing boat navigation couldn't use out-sea at that time. Considering the southwestern coast's island and geographical conditions, We get to know Geomun-do was not so easy to access because the island was located out -sea. In addition, He said that Go-do(孤島)'s pronunciation in the Go-do(孤島), Cho-do's(草島) pronunciation from Fishing Treaty and currently Go-do(古島) that is part of Geomun-do were same pronunciation. But This is just word meaning. that is, a solitary island, isolated island is resonable. And, Geomun-do cannot swear Sam-do(三島) consider of Gemun-do and other island's people life. To review of literature, to use geography condition and ocean(waterway, fishing range) and to examine cultural environment are very important to discern island's location. Upon further examination, location of Gocho-do is defined again. Owing to the Wa enemy's frequently intrusion from the end of Koryo, Chosun government took steps to prevent them 'Island dwelling prohibition. For this reason, the literature data about the island has limits. however, the island research is urgent more microscopic approach than now.

This paper checked about Gocho-do's location that Chosun government and Tsushima island's lord signed in November 1441 from Gocho-do Fishing Treaty. A fishing is the lifeline to fisher in Tsushima. So Their lord asked Chosun for they could fish in Gocho-do. But Chosun had to control Japanese because their frequent invasion. Therefore Gocho-do Fishing treaty(孤草島釣魚禁約) was signed. Generally, In these days Jang Joul-ja's research was accepted about Gocho-do's location that Chosun defined as line of control. He determined Gocho-do's location that is current Junnam Yeosu Gemun-do(Go-do, Su-do, Dong-do). But, if the sea route is reproduced through literature, We find the island were very near the land and sailing boat navigation couldn't use out-sea at that time. Considering the southwestern coast's island and geographical conditions, We get to know Geomun-do was not so easy to access because the island was located out -sea. In addition, He said that Go-do(孤島)'s pronunciation in the Go-do(孤島), Cho-do's(草島) pronunciation from Fishing Treaty and currently Go-do(古島) that is part of Geomun-do were same pronunciation. But This is just word meaning. that is, a solitary island, isolated island is resonable. And, Geomun-do cannot swear Sam-do(三島) consider of Gemun-do and other island's people life. To review of literature, to use geography condition and ocean(waterway, fishing range) and to examine cultural environment are very important to discern island's location. Upon further examination, location of Gocho-do is defined again. Owing to the Wa enemy's frequently intrusion from the end of Koryo, Chosun government took steps to prevent them 'Island dwelling prohibition. For this reason, the literature data about the island has limits. however, the island research is urgent more microscopic approach than now.

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Gocho-do, Gemun-do, Cho-do･Sonjuk-do, Fishing treaty, Wa Japanese control, Cho-do･Sonjuk-do, regulations of location, Tsushima