17~19세기에 왜관은 부산에만 존재하였다. 왜관은 조선과 일본, 조선인과 일본인의 정치, 경제, 사회, 문화, 일상 등 다양한 측면과 관계를 맺고 있었다. 왜관을 중심으로 한 경제적 관계는 왜관 안의 개시와 왜관 밖의 조시를 중심으로 이루어졌다. 개시는 국가가 공적으로 인정한 무역상인이 매달 3일, 8일, 13일, 18일, 23일, 28일, 즉 한달에 6번 실시하는 무역이다. 개시는 開市大廳, 開市廳이라 불리는 특정한 장소에서 행해졌다. 폐쇄된 방안이 아니라 공개된 대청에서 무역이 행해졌다. 개시는 개시무역 또는 사무역으로 불린다. 개시무역을 담당했던 조선인 무역상인을 흔히 동래상인이라 불렀다. 개시에서는 중국산 생사나 고급 비단, 조선산 인삼, 일본산 은이 주로 거래되었다. 조시는 왜관의 정문 앞 노천에서 매일 열리는 아침시장이다. 조시에서는 쌀, 생선, 야채, 과일 등 소량의 생필품이 거래되었다. 조시에서 물건을 파는 사람들은 왜관 주변 조선인 마을에 사는 일반민이었다. 기본적으로는 개시와 조시는 시간, 공간, 주체, 상품 등 여러 측면에서 그 성격이 다른 경제 활동이었다. 개시가 점차 쇠퇴하거나, 조시가 점차 활발해지면서, 양자의 경계는 점차 무너졌다. 조시는 일용 잡화시장에서 대규모 미곡 판매시장으로 바뀌어 갔다. 조시에 참여하는 상인도 점차 전업적인 상인으로 바뀌어 갔다. 조시에 참여하는 상인들이 왜관 안에 들어가서 상업활동을 하는 것이 증가되어 갔다. 잡상인과 같은 일반 상인이 왜관 안에서 합법적인 상업활동 공간을 확보하고, 개시 상인의 특권을 일부 나누어 가졌다. 왜관의 안팎으로 구분되어 있던 개시와 조시의 주체가 왜관 안에서 혼재하게 되었다. 개시와 조시는 왜관에서 이루어진 양국 상인의 경제활동은 물론, 왜관 주변 지역민의 일상생활의 모습을 파악할 수 있는 중요한 주제다.

The economic relationship centered on the Waegwan was conducted with a focus on the open market within the Waegwan and the morning parket outside the Waegwan. The open market was a form of trade that was carried out six times a month, that is, the 3rd, 8th, 13th, 18th, 23rd, and 28th. The open market was conducted at a particular place, which was the open market hall. Trade was carried out not in a closed room but a open hall. The open market was called open market trade or private trade. Joseon traders that were acknowledged to have qualifications to do open market trade were called Dongrae merchants. Chinese raw silk or high-quality silk, Josen ginseng, and Japanese silver were mainly dealed during the open market. The morning market was opened everyday in the open in front of the Waegwan entrance. Only small amounts of daily necessities like rice, fish, vegetables, and fruit were dealt during the morning market. The people selling goods in the morning market were normal people who lived in the Joseon villages around the Waegwan. The open market and the morning market were economic activities that differed in characteristic from many perspectives including time, space, main agent, and product. However, as the open market gradually declined and the morning market became revived, the boundary between the two collapsed. The morning market changed from selling everyday-use sundry goods to a large scale grain market. Even the merchants participating in the morning market changed gradually to full-time merchants. The number of merchants participating in the morning market who entered into the Waegwan to do commerce increased. As regular merchants like peddlers secured space for legal commerce within the Waegwan, they were apportioned some of the privileges of the open market merchants. The main agents of the open market and the morning market who were divided inside and outside the market coexisted within the Waegwan. The open market and morning market are important topics that help understand not just the economic activities of merchants of both countries that were conducted in the Waegwan, but also the daily lives of residents living around the Waegwan.

The economic relationship centered on the Waegwan was conducted with a focus on the open market within the Waegwan and the morning parket outside the Waegwan. The open market was a form of trade that was carried out six times a month, that is, the 3rd, 8th, 13th, 18th, 23rd, and 28th. The open market was conducted at a particular place, which was the open market hall. Trade was carried out not in a closed room but a open hall. The open market was called open market trade or private trade. Joseon traders that were acknowledged to have qualifications to do open market trade were called Dongrae merchants. Chinese raw silk or high-quality silk, Josen ginseng, and Japanese silver were mainly dealed during the open market. The morning market was opened everyday in the open in front of the Waegwan entrance. Only small amounts of daily necessities like rice, fish, vegetables, and fruit were dealt during the morning market. The people selling goods in the morning market were normal people who lived in the Joseon villages around the Waegwan. The open market and the morning market were economic activities that differed in characteristic from many perspectives including time, space, main agent, and product. However, as the open market gradually declined and the morning market became revived, the boundary between the two collapsed. The morning market changed from selling everyday-use sundry goods to a large scale grain market. Even the merchants participating in the morning market changed gradually to full-time merchants. The number of merchants participating in the morning market who entered into the Waegwan to do commerce increased. As regular merchants like peddlers secured space for legal commerce within the Waegwan, they were apportioned some of the privileges of the open market merchants. The main agents of the open market and the morning market who were divided inside and outside the market coexisted within the Waegwan. The open market and morning market are important topics that help understand not just the economic activities of merchants of both countries that were conducted in the Waegwan, but also the daily lives of residents living around the Waegwan.

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Waegwan, open market, morning market, time, space, main agent, merchant