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The purpose of the study was to explore the relative contribution of both vocabulary knowledge and grammatical knowledge as predictors of listening comprehension performance. A total of 568 college students participated in the study and their TOEIC scores were used. The measurements used for the study were based on vocabulary and grammar scores of Part 5, and listening scores of Part 2, 3 and 4. For the data analysis, T-test, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were implemented. The results of statistical analyses revealed that Part 3 featuring conversations was most strongly related to both vocabulary and grammar knowledge. Furthermore, the results of this study also revealed that although both knowledges were significantly related to L2 listening comprehension, vocabulary knowledge showed relative superiority over grammar knowledge in accounting for L2 listening variance.