초록 열기/닫기 버튼
14세기 조선왕조의 성립시점은 서양의 르네상스기에 해당하며, 조선후기는 서구의 근대국가체제의 형성기와 맞닿아 있었다. 따라서 세계사의 변화추이에서 전통사회를 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 아득히 먼 조선왕조가 신기하게도 때때로 근대와 유사한 요소를 지녔다기보다는 전 지구적인 변화의 흐름 속에 있었던데 불과하다. 동양과 서양으로 나뉜 이분법적인 시각에서 벗어나 동시대사라는 측면에서 접근해보아야 한다. 특히, 17-18세기 조선의 大同法･均役法과 청의 地丁銀制 등은 부세개혁을 통하여 국가의 통치구조를 재편하였다. 동아시아 지역세계가 17세기후반부터 약100여년이상 이룩했던 평화의 시대는 내정이 안정되었기에 가능한 일이었다. 조선과 청에서는 군주가 학문을 연마하여 사회의 변화를 주도하고 급기야 개혁을 성공시켜서 부강한 평화의 시대를 만들어낸 반면에, 서구의 절대왕정은 새로운 변화에 부응하지 못하여 백성의 이반을 초래하였으며, 급기야 舊體制로 낙인찍혀 혁명을 경험해야만 했다. 18세기 동아시아의 평화기는 서양에서 흠모해마지 않았던 이상향이였다. 유교정치문화는 서구사회에서 새롭게 발굴해낸 또하나의 이상화된 사회로 인식되었으며, 계몽주의시대 고대 그리스･로마문명 및 중세 기독교적 세계관과 더불어 새로운 근대국가상을 꿈꾸는데 활용되었다. 따라서 한국사와 지역사, 더 나아사 세계사와의 연관구조 속에서 역사상의 재구축이 절실하다. 세계와 고립되었던 분단체제하 일국사적 관점에서 이루어진 조선시대사 연구는 더이상 유효하지 않을 것이다. 이를 위해서는 한국사와 세계사에 대한 재검토가 동시성을 고려하면서 진행되어야 한다.
The point at which the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910) was established in the 14th century was the Renaissance in the West, and the latter half of the same dynasty saw the formation of the modern state system in the West. Consequently, it is necessary to examine traditional society in terms of changes in world history. In other words, rather than interestingly harboring elements similar to those of the modern era at times, the temporally remote Joseon Dynasty was only located in the flow of global change. It is necessary to overcome the binary perspective of the East and the West and to take an approach in terms of the history of contemporaneous history. In particular, the implementation of measures including the Uniform Land Tax Law (Daedong-beop) and the Equalized Tax Law (Gyunyeok-beop) in Joseon and the combined land-and-labor service tax (Didingyin-zhi) in Qing China, respectively, during the 17th-18th centuries reorganized the ruling structures of the state through taxation reforms. The age of peace that the East Asian region achieved for over a century starting in the latter half of the 17th century was possible because domestic affairs were stable. While, in Korea and China, monarchs devoted themselves to studies, led social change, and even successfully implemented reforms, thus leading to an era of prosperity and peace, absolute monarch in the West failed to meet new changes and therefore brought about the estrangement of the people, ultimately to be branded as the ancient régime and to have to undergo revolutions. In fact, the peaceful period in East Asia during the 18th century was a utopia admired by the West. The Confucian political culture was perceived as yet another idealized society newly discovered by Western society and was used, along with the classical Greco-Roman civilization and the Medieval Christian worldview, to envision images of new, modern states during the age of Enlightenment. Consequently, urgently needed is the reconstruction of historical images within a structure of interrelation with Korean history, regional history, and, furthermore, world history. Conducted from the perspective of mononational history under the national division system and in isolation from the world, research on the history of the Joseon Dynasty will no longer be valid. For this, a reexamination of Korean history and world history must be performed in consideration of synchronicity.
키워드열기/닫기 버튼
the Joseon Dynasty, Historical Image, Synchronicity, the Renaissance, the age of Enlightenment, the ancient régime, Daedong-beop(the Uniform Land Tax Law), Gyunyeok-beop(theEqualizedTaxLaw),Didingyin-zhi(the combined land-and-labor service tax)
