이 논문은 1900년 전후 우리나라의 서양 철학사상의 수용과 윤리관의 변화에 절대적인 영향을 끼친 중국과 일본의 서양 철학사상 및 윤리관 수용 양상을 시기적으로 나누어 비교하는 데 주목적이 있다.일본과 중국은 서로 유사하면서도 다른 사회적역사적 조건을 가지고 있었고, 따라서 서양철학이나 윤리관의 수용 양상에서도 유사점과 차이점이 발견된다. 이 논문에서는 1800년대 후반부터 1900년대 중반까지 약 50년에 걸친 시기를 일본과 중국 내부의 사회적정치적 상황에 따라 각각 세 시기로 나누고, 각 시기별로 서양 윤리관의 수용 양상을 정치사회적 상황과 함께 고찰한다.근세 초기 일본과 중국은 각기 자국의 필요와 정치적 이해에 따라 서구의 제도와 사상을 받아들였다. 일본에서는 이때 이미 서구의 거의 모든 철학이 소개되고 연구되었으며, 전통철학에 대해서도 역사적객관적 방법을 동원하여 연구하였는데, 그것은 천황 권력의 절대화 및 파쇼적 지배체제의 합리화, 침략 전쟁의 정당화 등을 위한 이론적 기반 구축에 이용되었다. 중국 역시 서구의 거의 모든 철학 사상이 번역․소개되었다. 그러나 일본과는 달리 통일된 강력한 정부의 부재, 정치적 내분 등으로 인하여 여러 가지 서구 사상이 비교적 자유롭게 논의될 수 있었다.

Since 1900s, Chinese and Japanese philosophy and ethics have largely affected Korea on accepting western ethics. The purpose of this paper is to compare distinctive features in acception of western philosophy and ethics between China and Japan. China and Japan share some points of similarity in acception of western concepts in philosophy and ethics. However, Japan and China have been in different social and historical conditions. It makes some points of difference in accepting western philosophy and ethics between China and Japan. In this paper, we concentrate on the period from the latter half of the 1800s to the former half of the 1900s. Before beginning the discussion, we take part these 50 years into several periods according to social and political situations of China and Japan. Then we look at those periods one by one, considering political and social conditions together with the characteristic aspects in accepting western philosophy. In the early modern ages, Japan and China had accepted western systems and concepts in various aspects. In Japan, western philosophy had been used in justifying and reinforcing the power of the Emperor of Japan. At that time, most western philosophy had been introduced to Japan, already. Japanese had studied western philosophy, researching traditional Japanese philosophy with historical and objective ways. Those studies had been used in theoretical construction in justifying fascistic government, absolutization of power of the Emperor of Japan, and rationalization of an aggressive war. Also in China, almost all philosophical theories had been introduced and translated to Chinese. At that time in China, there was no unified and strong government, but there were political conflicts. Therefore, various western philosophical theories can be discussed rather freely. In China, there were some disorders other than domestic political conflicts at that time. One was caused by foreign powers had made invasions upon China for a long time, another disorder came from differences between traditional and modern thoughts. Chinese intellectuals discussed and debated to find the solution of the national problems in realistic viewpoints. It was based on the personal political status and understanding of the present situation of their own. Because Chinese situation was not good, the original books and theories of western philosophy couldn't be translated directly in Chinese language except some cases. Most books of western philosophy had adopted and imported through Japan.

Since 1900s, Chinese and Japanese philosophy and ethics have largely affected Korea on accepting western ethics. The purpose of this paper is to compare distinctive features in acception of western philosophy and ethics between China and Japan. China and Japan share some points of similarity in acception of western concepts in philosophy and ethics. However, Japan and China have been in different social and historical conditions. It makes some points of difference in accepting western philosophy and ethics between China and Japan. In this paper, we concentrate on the period from the latter half of the 1800s to the former half of the 1900s. Before beginning the discussion, we take part these 50 years into several periods according to social and political situations of China and Japan. Then we look at those periods one by one, considering political and social conditions together with the characteristic aspects in accepting western philosophy. In the early modern ages, Japan and China had accepted western systems and concepts in various aspects. In Japan, western philosophy had been used in justifying and reinforcing the power of the Emperor of Japan. At that time, most western philosophy had been introduced to Japan, already. Japanese had studied western philosophy, researching traditional Japanese philosophy with historical and objective ways. Those studies had been used in theoretical construction in justifying fascistic government, absolutization of power of the Emperor of Japan, and rationalization of an aggressive war. Also in China, almost all philosophical theories had been introduced and translated to Chinese. At that time in China, there was no unified and strong government, but there were political conflicts. Therefore, various western philosophical theories can be discussed rather freely. In China, there were some disorders other than domestic political conflicts at that time. One was caused by foreign powers had made invasions upon China for a long time, another disorder came from differences between traditional and modern thoughts. Chinese intellectuals discussed and debated to find the solution of the national problems in realistic viewpoints. It was based on the personal political status and understanding of the present situation of their own. Because Chinese situation was not good, the original books and theories of western philosophy couldn't be translated directly in Chinese language except some cases. Most books of western philosophy had adopted and imported through Japan.

Nationalism, Social evolusionism, Anarchism, Marxism, Narodnikism