초록 열기/닫기 버튼
민요의 용어에는 ‘향토민요’, ‘전통민요’, ‘토착민요’, ‘토속민요’, ‘토민민요’, ‘통속민요’, ‘흥민요’, ‘창민요’, ‘유행민요’, ‘근대민요’, ‘신민요’, ‘창작민요’ 등이 있다. 이들 용어들은 각각 사용되는 맥락이 다르겠지만, 이들을 거칠게 분류하면 ‘향토민요’, ‘통속민요’, ‘신민요’로 귀속된다. 이와 같이 분류를 하기 전에는 20세기 전반부 학자들은 ‘향토민요’와 ‘통속민요’를구분하지 않고 하나의 민요로 생각했고, 이에 대한 대타적인 용어로 ‘신민요’를 사용했다. 이러한 분류 방식은 고정옥, 임동권 등에게 이어졌다. 최근의 연구자들은 민요를 ‘향토민요’와 ‘통속민요’로 구분하였다. 이는 양자가 기층민들에 의해 불린다는 사실만을 전제로 하고 있다. 그렇지만 ‘향토민요’는 기층민들에의해 생산되고, ‘통속민요’는 전문예능인들에 의해 생산된다는 점을 고려하면, 양자를민요의 하위 범주로 대등하게 다룰 수는 없음은 물론 ‘통속민요’를 민요의 하위 범주에포함시킬 수 없다. 대부분의 학자들이 민요는 기층민들이 생산하여 기층민들이 즐기는양식이라는 개념에 동의하고 있기 때문에 ‘통속민요’는 민요의 하위 범주에 속할 수 없는 것이다. 나아가 ‘향토민요’에서 ‘향토’라는 수식어도 불필요하다. 여러 연구자들이 민요를 ‘향토민요’와 ‘통속민요’로 구분함에 따라 구체적인 연구들에서도 여러 문제점들이 노출된다. 연구자들은, 제보자들이 ‘통속민요’를 논농사를 할때 불렀다고 해서 이를 논농사요에 포함시키기도 한다. 이는 ‘통속민요’가 ‘향토민요’가되는 결과를 낳는다. 논농사요는 ‘향토민요’이기 때문이다. 또한, 용어 개념에 견인되어 실상을 잘못 파악하기도 한다. <어러리>가 기층민들이 생산한 노래이기 때문에 노동요에만 한정하여 논의를 진행하기도 하고, ‘향토민요’와 ‘통속민요’는 동일한 민요이기 때문에 그 음악적 특징이 별반 다르지 않다고도 한다. 그리고 ‘향토민요’와 ‘통속민요’를 대부분의 사람들이 널리 부른다는 점에서만 논의를 하고, 그 생산자들의 성격이다름을 논의에 포함시키지 않기도 한다. 그 결과 여러 논의들은 현상의 특정한 면만을보든지 잘못된 결론에 이르기도 한다.
Many terms exist to identify Korean folk songs. Local folk songs (향토민요),traditional folk songs (전통민요), aboriginal folk songs (토착민요), native folk songs (토속민요), indigenous folk songs (토민민요), popular folk songs (통속민요), merrymaking folk songs (흥민요), narrative folk songs (창민요), trendy folk songs (유행민요), modern folk songs (근대민요), new folk songs (신민요), and composed folk songs (창작민요) are only a few of the immensely diverse terminology of Korean folk songs. Although these terms, with their different connotations, are used in different contexts, they can be roughly divided into three categories: local folk songs (향토민요), popular folk songs (통속민요), and new folk songs (신민요). Before Korean folk songs were divided into such categories, scholars of the early and mid-20th century did not differentiate local folk songs and popular folksongs, but thought of the masoneset, contrasted by the group of “newfolksongs.” This type of categorization was continued by the scholars Ko Jeong-Ok and Lim Dong-Gwon. Recent scholars, on the other hand, have divided folk songs into local folk songs and popular folk songs. This classification is based on the assumption that both kinds of folk songs are sung by the common people. However, considering that local folk songs are generated naturally in the daily lives of commoners and popular folk songs are created by professional entertainers, these two groups cannot be dealt in a parallel manner. Neither can popular “folk songs” be truly considered folk songs, which all scholars agree to be songs created and enjoyed by the common people. Regarding these points, one can also see that the word “local” is unnecessary in the term “local folk songs,” as the very nature of folk songs guarantee that they are generated locally. Yet the problems do not end here. Much more inaccuracy can be found within particular researches, in which many scholars continue to erroneously divide folk songs into local folk songs and popular folk songs. For instance, researchers sometimes classify popular folk songs into rice farming songs (논농사요) after hearing from informants that popular folk songs were sung during rice farming. However, such a classification disguises popular folk songs as local folk songs,confusing people with inaccurate terminology and blurring the distinct characteristics of particular folk songs. More examples can be found in abundance. Eoreori, a folk song created by commoners, is sometimes restricted as a type of a work song (노동요), although it can be classified in other ways as well. Local folk songs and traditional folk songs are sometimes seen to have similar characteristics because they both are folk songs, despite their dissimilar roots. Furthermore, local folk songs and popular folk songs are occasionally discussed only on the grounds that they are widely sung by the people, and their different roots are left out from deliberation. Such ignorance and inaccuracy lead to a neglect of particular characteristics of folk songs or flawed conclusions about their nature.
키워드열기/닫기 버튼
Local folk songs, popular folk songs, new folk songs,categorization, subcategory, terminology, term-setting, term application, work song, folk song style popular song, commoner culture, problem critique
