우리나라는 1997년 개정된 형법이 시행되면서 종전에 소년 범죄자에게만 실시되었던 보호관찰과 사회봉사 및 수강명령 등 사회내 처우가 성인범에게 까지 확대되었다. 이를 계기로 범죄자처우도 시설내 처우에서 사회내 처우로 변화되고 있다. 보호관찰이 가장 일반적인 사회내처우이지만, 그 실시의 역사가 15년 정도의 일천한 기간이므로 아직도 제도상·운영상 많은 문제점을 내포하고 있다. 보호관찰제도는 범죄인을 일정한 시설에 수용하여 자유를 제한하는 상태에서 처우하는 시설내 처우제도와 국가의 사후관찰이 수반되지 않는 단순한 유예제도에 대응하는 개념이다. 즉 이 제도는 범죄인에게 사회생활의 자유를 부여하는 사회내 처우의 수단이며, 전문기관의 사후관찰이 따른다는 점을 본질적인 요소로 하고 있다. 따라서 범죄인이 사회에서 자유로운 생활을 하는 한편, 주어진 준수사항을 이행하면서 교정·교화·개선을 통한 재사회화를 도모할 수 있는 제도가 필요하게 된 것이다. 즉 기존의 형벌제도 이외에 범죄인을 교정·교화·개선하여 궁극적으로는 범죄문제를 해결할 수 있는 새로운 제도의 도입이 필요하게 되었고, 오늘날 범죄인을 정상적으로 사회에 복귀시키기 위해 가장 효과적인 수단으로 인식하게 되었다. 이 논문에서는 형벌의 목적에 대한 개념에 따라 현대 형사사법제도는 사법적 정의실현과 사회복지의 이념구현이라는 두 목적의 조화로운 실현이라는 기본이념에 따라 범죄인을 처우하는 제도도 단순한 구금의 확보에서 벗어나 적극적인 교정·교화·개선을 통한 재사회화라는 필요성에 따라 정책적으로 도입된 보호관찰제도의 개념과 내용 등을 살핀다.

Basic Theories of Probation System Since the Criminal Code revised in 1997 came into effect, treatment within the community like probation, welfare service, and education order, practiced to juvenile offenders only, has been extended to adult offenders. Taking this opportunity, treatment of criminal offenders has been changed from treatment within institutions into treatment out in the community. Probation is the most general social treatment, but still it contains many problems in its system and operation with a short practice for 15 years only in Korea. The probation system has the concept of treatment system replacing treatment of offenders within a certain institution with limited freedom, and the simple probation without post-factum supervision of the state. That is to say, this system is a method of giving freedom to offenders and treating them in the community, but it does fundamentally include post-factum supervision by a specialized organization. Accordingly, such a system is necessary that offenders should observe given orders of correction, edification, and improvement through which they are to be resocialized, while they could live freely in the community. In other words, besides the existing punishment systems, a new system, to correct, enlighten, and improve offenders, is demanded to be introduced ultimately to settle criminal problems, and today this is recognized to be one of the most effective measures to return offenders normally to the community. This thesis is composed of the following chapters 1. Preface 2. Concepts of probation system 3. Contents of probation system 4. Conclusion

Basic Theories of Probation System Since the Criminal Code revised in 1997 came into effect, treatment within the community like probation, welfare service, and education order, practiced to juvenile offenders only, has been extended to adult offenders. Taking this opportunity, treatment of criminal offenders has been changed from treatment within institutions into treatment out in the community. Probation is the most general social treatment, but still it contains many problems in its system and operation with a short practice for 15 years only in Korea. The probation system has the concept of treatment system replacing treatment of offenders within a certain institution with limited freedom, and the simple probation without post-factum supervision of the state. That is to say, this system is a method of giving freedom to offenders and treating them in the community, but it does fundamentally include post-factum supervision by a specialized organization. Accordingly, such a system is necessary that offenders should observe given orders of correction, edification, and improvement through which they are to be resocialized, while they could live freely in the community. In other words, besides the existing punishment systems, a new system, to correct, enlighten, and improve offenders, is demanded to be introduced ultimately to settle criminal problems, and today this is recognized to be one of the most effective measures to return offenders normally to the community. This thesis is composed of the following chapters 1. Preface 2. Concepts of probation system 3. Contents of probation system 4. Conclusion

Community Treatment, Criminal Problems, Educatipon Order, Treatment of Criminal offenders, Probation, Institutional Treatment, Welfare service