행정법상 조정은 크게 행정절차에 있어서의 분쟁해결수단으로서의 조정, 행정부가 제공하는 각종 분쟁조정위원회를 통한 조정, 행정심판 및 행정소송과 결부된 행정쟁송상의 조정으로 구분할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이 중에서 행정쟁송에 있어서의 조정에 대해 검토하였다. 행정심판이나 행정소송에 있어서의 조정은 현재 조정에 관한 입법화가 되어 있지 않아 사실상 조정의 형태로 이루어지고 있다. 사실상의 조정제도가 실무에서 탄력성 있는 해결을 도모하는 장점이 있음에도 불구하고 제도화되어 있지 않기 때문에 한계가 있으며, 지금까지의 실험적 운영을 토대로 행정심판법과 행정소송법을 각각 개정하여 조정에 관한 사항을 입법화할 필요가 있다. 이와 관련해서 구체적으로 살펴보면, 행정심판에서 조정은 이미 도입되어 본격적으로 시행되고 있는 바, 아직은 이에 대한 운영의 축적이 부족하므로 실험적으로 운영하다가 행정심판법을 개정하여 조정에 관한 사항을 포함시켜야 할 것이다. 협상능력이 풍부한 조정인을 확보하는 것이 관건이며, 아울러 조정인이 될 수 있는 자의 지위를 명백히 규정하여야 한다. 행정소송법에서도 조정에 관한 염문의 규정을 두고 있지 않고, 단지 민사소송법을 준용할 수 있도록 되어 있어, 민사조정법은 준용이 안되는 것으로 해석하고 있는 것이 실무의 일반적인 경향이라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 법적인 명확성을 기한다는 차원에서 행정소송에 있어서도 성질이 허용되는 한 조정을 통한 분쟁해결이 가능하도록 법적 근거를 마련할 필요가 있다. 행정소송법에 민사조정법을 준용할 수 있도록 근거 규정을 두거나, 조정제도에 관한 사항을 행정소송법에 명문으로 규정하면 될 것이다. 또한, 행정소송에 있어서 조정은 소송이 계속 중인 동일한 재판부에서 할 것이 아니라 조정능력이 탁월한 법관을 전담조정판사로 지정하여 비공개로 조정사건을 처리하는 방안도 검토할 필요가 있다.

The conciliation in the Administrative Law is largely divided into three branches; the conciliation as a dispute resolution measure in the administrative procedure, the conciliation through various types of dispute mediation committee provided by the government, and the conciliation in the administrative disputes linked with administrative appeal and administrative litigation. In this research we reviewed the conciliation in the administrative disputes out of these. The conciliation in the administrative appeal and administrative litigation is not currently legislated and is actually constituted in the form itself. Though it has its advantage to promote an elastic resolution in the administrative work, the actual conciliation system has its limitation because it is not institutionalized, it is necessary to amend the Administrative Appeal Act and the Administrative Litigation Act respectively based on the tentative operation hitherto and legislate the provisions concerning the conciliation. When we review this respect in detail, the conciliation in the administrative appeal has been already introduced and executed legitimately, but it lacks in the accumulation of operation still. So we shall have to amend the Administrative Appeal Act after the tentative operation and include the provisions concerning the conciliation. The key point is to secure the members of the conciliation committee and clearly stipulate the position of a person who is eligible to be a member of the conciliation committee. The Administrative Litigation Act has no provisions about the conciliation either, only to be applied to the Civil Execution Act, not to be applied to the Judicial Conciliation of Civil Disputes Act, whose construction can be the general tendency of the administrative work. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare the legal basis to facilitate the dispute resolution through the conciliation also in the administrative litigation as far as it is allowed by the property in the level to promote a legal clarification. We shall have only to have the basis provisions to apply the provisions of the Judicial Conciliation of Civil Disputes Act in the Administrative Litigation Act, or stipulate the matters on the conciliation system in the provisions of the Administrative Litigation Act. In addition, it is necessary to study the method where the conciliation case in the administrative litigation shall not be processed in the same kind of court with pending proceedings but be handled not open to the public by designating a judge with an excellent conciliation power as the exclusive conciliation judge.

The conciliation in the Administrative Law is largely divided into three branches; the conciliation as a dispute resolution measure in the administrative procedure, the conciliation through various types of dispute mediation committee provided by the government, and the conciliation in the administrative disputes linked with administrative appeal and administrative litigation. In this research we reviewed the conciliation in the administrative disputes out of these. The conciliation in the administrative appeal and administrative litigation is not currently legislated and is actually constituted in the form itself. Though it has its advantage to promote an elastic resolution in the administrative work, the actual conciliation system has its limitation because it is not institutionalized, it is necessary to amend the Administrative Appeal Act and the Administrative Litigation Act respectively based on the tentative operation hitherto and legislate the provisions concerning the conciliation. When we review this respect in detail, the conciliation in the administrative appeal has been already introduced and executed legitimately, but it lacks in the accumulation of operation still. So we shall have to amend the Administrative Appeal Act after the tentative operation and include the provisions concerning the conciliation. The key point is to secure the members of the conciliation committee and clearly stipulate the position of a person who is eligible to be a member of the conciliation committee. The Administrative Litigation Act has no provisions about the conciliation either, only to be applied to the Civil Execution Act, not to be applied to the Judicial Conciliation of Civil Disputes Act, whose construction can be the general tendency of the administrative work. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare the legal basis to facilitate the dispute resolution through the conciliation also in the administrative litigation as far as it is allowed by the property in the level to promote a legal clarification. We shall have only to have the basis provisions to apply the provisions of the Judicial Conciliation of Civil Disputes Act in the Administrative Litigation Act, or stipulate the matters on the conciliation system in the provisions of the Administrative Litigation Act. In addition, it is necessary to study the method where the conciliation case in the administrative litigation shall not be processed in the same kind of court with pending proceedings but be handled not open to the public by designating a judge with an excellent conciliation power as the exclusive conciliation judge.

Conciliation, Alternative Dispute Resolution(ADR), Dispute Resolution, Administrative Appeal, Administrative Litigation, Administrative Disput