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With emphasis on the sudden acceleration of the Confucianization of seventeenth-century Korean society, this review article looks at Martina Deuchler’s The Confucianization of Korea: A Study of Society and Ideology, (Cambridge: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University, 1992) and analyzes its significance, contributions, and some issues, including concepts of primogeniture, the longevity of the Chosŏn dynasty, mentalité methodology, and traditional/Confucian values. As for the motives of the Confucianization of Korean society, in addition to Martina Deuchler’s emphasis on ideological factors and Mark Peterson’s emphasis on socioeconomic factors, this article stresses the importance of the Manchu conquest of Korea and Ming China in the seventeenth century and the unique politico-intellectual trend it affected upon Korean ruling elites.