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Hauptmann’s Die Ratten and Shepard’s Curse of the Starving Class: Tragedy of Fate as Social CriticismJeoung, HaegapIt is notable that two works from different time and space have something in common, which is first of all the way they use a domestic tragedy as social criticism, on the basis of literary naturalism. In accordance with Zola, the two playwrights, adopting the idea of literature as “practical sociology,” shift tragedy of fate into sociology. Main characters in the works suffering from a tragic fate running in the family struggle to evade the Moebius strip endlessly frustrating them, only to find no solution or synthesis. Since the familial tragedy partly comes out as a result of social causes, remarkably, the two playwrights signifies that the tragic fate is not only domestic, but social. Via the naturalistic fate of main characters, Hauptmann’s Die Ratten criticizes the chaotic German politics under a “chancellor dictatorship” which drives everyone to fight against everyone, while Shepard’s Curse condemns American industrialism towards “zombie society” accelerating the breakdown of the dysfunctional American family.
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Gerhart Hauptmann, Sam Shepard, tragedy of fate, social criticism, naturalism, practical sociology, industrialism, family
