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북한 문예지 『조선문학』은 조선작가동맹의 기관지이기 때문에, 정권 지도층 특히 최고 지도자의 이념과 정책을 전달하고 동원하는 선전 선동 기능을 띤다. 60여 년동안 8백호 넘게 간행된 『조선문학』의 성격과 기능, 역사적 변모는 상위 조직의 노선과 정책을 따르며, 기관지적 시스템 내에서 주필과 편집위원의 성향에 따라 차이를 드러내왔다. 가령 1953년 10월의 문예지 창간 자체가 6.25전쟁의 전후 처리과정에서 드러난 ‘부르주아 미학사상 잔재’와의 투쟁의 산물이다. 『조선문학』 이전에 간행되던 『문학예술』의 편집 주체이자 작가 조직의 주도권을 쥐었던 림화 등 남로당 계열 문인의 숙청과 관련된 것이다. 60여 년동안 결호 없이 월간으로 간행된 『조선문학』의 권두 기사와 각종 특집, 기획물을 일별하면, 다양한 이슈를 역사적으로 통찰할 수 있다. 가령 1956년 제2차 작가대회를 계기로 촉발된 ‘도식주의 비판’ 논쟁, 1950년대 후반~60년대 중반의 사회주의적 사실주의 논쟁, 1960년대 중후반의 ‘항일혁명문학예술’과 ‘주체문예이론,’ 1970년대의 ‘문학예술혁명’에 따른 ‘수령문학론’의 정착, 1980년대의 ‘숨은 영웅’ 형상화이론, 1994년 이후 ‘고난의 행군’기의 ‘선군(先軍)문학론’의 제창 등등 북한문학의 역사적 전개과정을 문예지가 그때그때 잘 반영하고 있다. 초기에는 잡지의 특집이 당 정책과 문예노선, 당-국가 기념 위주였는데, 주체문예이론이 정착된 1970년대 이후에는 김일성 등 지도자의 개인숭배 위주로 변경되었다. 2015년 현재 문예지는 현실 반영 문학보다는 당(黨) 문학과 개인숭배 문학을 중시한다.
The North Korean literary magazine tilted Joseon Literature, which is an organizational publication of Joseon Writers' League, has propaganda and instigation functions that convey ideology and policies of government leadership, particularly, the top leader. Characteristics, functions and historical transformation of Joseon Literature which has been published in more than 800 issues for about 6 decades, are based on directions and policies of upper-rank organizations and showed difference, depending on the inclination of chief editor and editorial board within organizational magazine system. For example, the publication of literary magazine in October 1953 is the product of struggle against residuals of 'bourgeois aesthetics idea' which was revealed in interpretation of pre and post-Korean War situation. That was related to the purge of literary artists affiliated with Namrodang(South Korean Labor Party), such as Lim Hwa, etc., who was editor of Literature Art published before the launch of Joseon Literature and controlled the writers' organization. A historical insight into various issues can be gained if we catch a glimpse of the articles on the opening page of Joseon Literature which has been published monthly without omission for about 6 decades, along with many different special features and themed articles thereof. The literary magazine provides an window into historical development process of North Korean literature for each time frame, including argument 'Criticism of schematism' which was triggered in the wake of the 2nd Writers' Contest in 1956, socialist realism controversy between late 1950s and mid 1960s, 'Anti-Japanese revolutionary literature arts' and 'Juche literary theory' in mid and late 1960s, establishment of 'Great Leader literature theory' based on literature art revolution in 1970s, 'Hidden hero' embodiment theory in 1980s, advocacy of 'Military-first literature theory' during the period of March of Hardship after 1994, etc. At the outset, special feature articles of magazine focused on party politics, literary directions, commemoration of party and state. However, contents of special feature articles had a preponderance of aspects related to personality cult of leaders such as Kim Il-sung after 1970s when Juche literary theory took root. In 2015, literary magazines assign greater importance to party literature and personality cult literature than literatures reflecting reality.
키워드열기/닫기 버튼
North Korean literature, Joseon Literature, Joseon Writers' League, media reading method, propaganda system, party literature, personality cult literature
