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Based on the “Ch’ing chen chi” (清真詞) by Chou Pang-yen (周邦彥) and related literature, three different ways to create emotional gradation through repetitive inversion in Chou’s work are analyzed. Different from the work of Liu Yung (柳永) characterized by long melody and direct narration, Chou composed his tz’u with emotional gradation through repetitive inversion, which led to a recursive, implicit and reserved style of tz’u popular in the southern Song. There were three ways to represent emotional gradation through repetitive inversion given in the long melody of the “Ch’ing chen chi”. The first way was the explicit usage of conjunctions for inversion such as “although” and “but” in the sentences, often accompanied by the special “leading words” (領字) of the tz’u, which clearly expressed the inversion of meanings and resulted in the introduction of new ideas not only in the aspect of grammatical format but also the text meaning. The second way of emotional gradation through repetitive inversion was identified as the contrast of image and the consistence among different paragraphs in text. Zhou preferred to hide some special meanings in words and sentences between rhymes, which reflected the conflict between the reality and expectation of life due to the change of space and time and the consequence of sudden turning-point incidences during one traveling across space and time. The last one was the emotional gradation through repetitive inversion occurring on the cultural and linguistic level, where the moral guidance and knowledge system in the ancient literature was challenged and questioned. Interlacing these three types of expression incorporated with “Rhyme Partition” (分韻) and “Paragraph Transition” (過片) Zhou’s work showed elegant, deliberate and reserved style. This paper, focusing on the third type of emotional gradation through repetitive inversion, discusses the linguistic contrast due to the conversion or reversion of literature in the “Ch’ing chen chi”, which leads to a reserved style of writing.
