히로시마에 대한 원폭투하, 아우슈비츠로 상징되는 나치의 유대민족 학살, 1980년 5월 광주시민에 대한 학살은 모두 국가에 의해 자행된 직접적 폭력의 사례들이다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 대규모의 직접적 국가폭력이 가능할 수 있었던 조건으로서 ‘구조’에 대한 한 접근방식, 즉 귄터 안더스의 소외론적 분석을 토대로 국가폭력의 문제를 살펴본다. 이를 통해 근대의 노동 조직이 어떻게 대규모의 국가폭력을 낳는 근원지가 될 수 있는가가 이론적으로 밝혀진다. 우선 I. 절에서는 국가폭력과 이에 대한 기존의 연구에 대해 일별한 후 II.절에서는 히로시마와 나가사키에 대한 원폭투하가 국가폭력으로서 지니는 성격에 대해 간략하게 살펴본다. 이어 III.절에서는 ‘만행’의 구조적 연원에 대한 안더스의 소외론적 분석 논리를 추적하고, IV.절에서는 그에 비추어 히로시마와 아우슈비츠, 5.18을 -이것들이 지닌 공통점과 차이점을 통해- 해석하고자 시도한다. 마지막으로 V.절에서는 안더스 해석의 문제점에 대한 비판적 검토와 함께 히로시마와 아우슈비츠, 5.18의 교훈에 대해 생각해 본다.

The dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima, the genocide at Jews by the Nazi and the massacre of the citizens of Gwangju in May 1980 are all the examples of the direct violence, which the state inflicted on the innocent people. This work examines the phenomenon of the state violence on the basis of Günther Anders’ analytical framework of alienation theory as an approach to the structure, which constitutes a substantial condition for the massive state violence. Thereby it is shown theoretically how the structure of modern factory could become the source of the massive state violence. This work examines; in Chapter I. briefly the notion of the state violence and the previous studies on it; in Chapter II. the character of the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki as a state violence; in Chapter III. the logic of the analytical framework of alienation theory on the structural source of barbarity; on the background of this analysis in Chapter IV. describes the common characteristics and differences between Hiroshima, Auschwitz and 5.18; and finally in Chapter V. reflects on the problems of the analysis by Anders and on the lessons from Hiroshima, Auschwitz and 5․18.

The dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima, the genocide at Jews by the Nazi and the massacre of the citizens of Gwangju in May 1980 are all the examples of the direct violence, which the state inflicted on the innocent people. This work examines the phenomenon of the state violence on the basis of Günther Anders’ analytical framework of alienation theory as an approach to the structure, which constitutes a substantial condition for the massive state violence. Thereby it is shown theoretically how the structure of modern factory could become the source of the massive state violence. This work examines; in Chapter I. briefly the notion of the state violence and the previous studies on it; in Chapter II. the character of the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki as a state violence; in Chapter III. the logic of the analytical framework of alienation theory on the structural source of barbarity; on the background of this analysis in Chapter IV. describes the common characteristics and differences between Hiroshima, Auschwitz and 5.18; and finally in Chapter V. reflects on the problems of the analysis by Anders and on the lessons from Hiroshima, Auschwitz and 5․18.

state violence, Hiroshima, Gnther Anders, Auschwitz, 518, structure of modern factory