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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 3-day smoking cessation (SC) and/or aerobicexercise (AE) on the autonomic nerve system (ANS) in healthy male smokers. Seven subjects participated in an AE(session A), SC (session B), and SC + AE (session C) through randomized crossover design, consisting of 60% ofheart rate reserve, 60 min/day during consecutive 3-day in healthy male smokers. After overnight fasting, the ANSactivities were assessed using power spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) at resting and post period. Exhaledcarbon monoxide (CO) to confirm smoking status and forced vital capacity (FVC) to test pulmonary function werealso measured before and after the session. Although each session does not affect FVC, CO was significantly reducedin sessions B and C, respectively (p<.05). Mean HR was significantly decreased in the session A and C, but not inthe session B. The HRV parameters in session C, but not session A and B showed increased high frequency andincreased SDNN, pNN50, RMSSD, respectively (p<.05). In this study, short-term aerobic exercise with smoking cessationled to a significant increase in the parasympathetic activity, suggesting these treatments will be an effectiveintervention for young smokers.