본 연구에서는 잠재유형분석(LCA)을 통해 사회적 배제 집단의 유형을 분류하고, 성별과 학력에 따라 이들 유형의 분포가 어떻게 달라지는지 살펴보았다. 분석을 위해 한국복지패널 2차년도(2007년) 자료를 사용하였으며, 사회적 배제는 경제(소득, 소비), 근로, 주거, 건강의 4개 차원(5개 항목)으로 구분하였다. 분석결과, 사회적 배제의 잠재적 유형은 비배제집단(69.1%)과 3개의 배재집단(30.9%) - 근로빈곤집단(8.3%), 건강배제집단(15.6%), 중복배제집단(7.0%) - 등 4개로 분류되었다. 여성가구주 가구가 배제집단에 속할 확률이 남성가구주 가구에 비해 2배 이상 높았다. 또한 성별에 따른 배제집단의 유형별 분포는 여성가구주 가구의 경우 건강배제집단(25.0%)에 속할 확률이 근로배제집단(14.6%)과 중복배제집단(12.8%)에 비해 높았으며, 남성가구주 가구의 경우는 중복배제집단(4.9%)에 속할 확률이 근로배제집단(9.1%)과 건강배제집단(9.6%)에 비해 낮았다. 마지막으로 학력에 따른 분포를 살펴보면, 가구주 학력이 대졸이상인 경우 가구주 성별에 따른 배제집단에 속할 확률은 큰 차이가 없지만, 여성가구주 가구는 근로빈곤집단에 속할 확률이 15.3%로 10.2%인 남성가구주 가구에 비해 다소 높게 나타났다. 이에 비해 가구주 학력이 대졸미만인 경우 여성가구주 가구는 건강배제집단(23.7%)과 중복배제집단(23.3%)에 속할 확률이 근로빈곤집단(13.7%)에 비해 높으며, 남성가구주 가구는 근로빈곤집단(18.3%)과 건강배제집단(18.4%)에 속할 확률이 중복배제집단(13.5%)에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났다. 성별과 학력을 모두 고려할 때, 성별보다는 학력이 사회적 배제에 미치는 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났지만, 두 요인이 중첩되는 학력 수준이 낮은 여성가구주 가구의 경우 사회적 배제가 더욱 심화된 것으로 나타났다.

The earlier studies have shown that social exclusion has multi-dimensional and dynamic property, but less is known about combinations and interrelationship of social exclusion dimensions. This study aims to determine underlying types of social exclusion experience based on interrelationships among five indicators-income, consumption, work, housing, and health, examine gender differences in the measurement of social exclusion, and explore whether education level is predictive of social exclusion class membership. of this study, daexThis sKorean Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS) were used; among them we analyzed 3,778 households who were the working population (15-59 years old) in 2006. Using LCA (Latent Class Analysis), four distinct multivariate profiles of social exclusion experiences were identified: non-exclusion group (69.1%), health-exclusion group (15.6%), working-poor group (8.3%), and deep-exclusion group (7.0%). Gender difference was found to be statistically significant, and female-headed households were more likely to belong to the health-exclusion group, working-poor group, and deep-exclusion group. And education level was strong predictor of latent class membership. Based on these findings, practical and political implications for help socially-excluded people by subgroups were discussed.

The earlier studies have shown that social exclusion has multi-dimensional and dynamic property, but less is known about combinations and interrelationship of social exclusion dimensions. This study aims to determine underlying types of social exclusion experience based on interrelationships among five indicators-income, consumption, work, housing, and health, examine gender differences in the measurement of social exclusion, and explore whether education level is predictive of social exclusion class membership. of this study, daexThis sKorean Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS) were used; among them we analyzed 3,778 households who were the working population (15-59 years old) in 2006. Using LCA (Latent Class Analysis), four distinct multivariate profiles of social exclusion experiences were identified: non-exclusion group (69.1%), health-exclusion group (15.6%), working-poor group (8.3%), and deep-exclusion group (7.0%). Gender difference was found to be statistically significant, and female-headed households were more likely to belong to the health-exclusion group, working-poor group, and deep-exclusion group. And education level was strong predictor of latent class membership. Based on these findings, practical and political implications for help socially-excluded people by subgroups were discussed.

Social exclusion, Latent class analysis, female-headed households, Working poor