인간세계의 갈등은 대상에 대한 그릇된 인식에서부터 시작된다. 장자는 그릇된 인식을 야기하는 내적 원인을 ‘成心’으로 본다. ‘성심’은 고착된 자아가 만들어낸 그릇된 마음으로 참된 인식은 이것에 의해 차단된다. 그리고 그릇된 인식을 야기하는 외적 요인은 시비를 일으키는 양 주체가 상대적으로 형성되었다는 점이다. ‘彼此’의 대립적 구도는 한 측이 나타나자 다른 한 측이 따라 나타남으로써 성립된다. 그러므로 ‘피차’의 대립구도는 절대성이 결여된 허구적인 것이다. 장자는 그릇된 인식을 타파하여 참된 인식을 성취하는 방법으로 ‘以明’을 제시했다. 「제물론」에서 볼 때, ‘이명’은 세 가지의 의미로 해석할 수 있다. 첫째, ‘직관적 인식’으로서의 의미를 가진다. 이것은 ‘자연의 지혜에 의거하여 관조한다[照之於天]’는 말에서 알 수 있다. 둘째, 대립적 구도와 상대적 입장을 떠난 인식을 의미한다. 이 이론은 ‘道樞’의 개념을 통해 전개된다. 셋째, 보편의 입장 위에 ‘無爲의 인식형식’을 가지는 것을 말한다. 이것은 ‘庸에 맡긴다[寓諸庸]’의 명제를 통해 설명된다. 여기서 본다면, ‘이명’은 양 극단을 떠나 虛明한 심리 상태에서 대상을 관조하는 것으로 정리할 수 있다. 이는 양자의 갈등을 해소시킬 뿐 아니라, 더 나아가서는 올바른 판단을 가능하게 하는 기능을 한다. 사회갈등이 극도로 고조된 장자의 在世時代에 ‘이명’의 논리가 출현하는 것은 자연스러운 일이라 하겠다. 이렇게 본다면, ‘이명’의 인식이론은 사회적 갈등이 극도로 심화된 오늘날에도 의미를 가질 수 있으리라 본다.

The aim of this study is to research the wrong perception of human being. Zhuangzi(365-290 B.C.) thought that the discord of human society comes from wrong perception of an object. Zhuangzi take the inner cause of wrong perception of an object as 'bias mind'. Biased mind which is the wrong mind derived from fixed self, makes correct perception to be blocked by it. He thought the external cause which produces wrong perception is cause by both main bodies which provoke the right and wrong argument taking shape relatively. Conflicting composition of 'that and this' exists because one side exists. Therefore, the other side exists. 'That and this' is not in absolute relationship, so the conflicting composition of both is of changeable nature. Zhuangzi proposed 'clear mind' as a way to accomplish the best perception with the destruction of the wrong perception. In the sight of Qiwulun, 'clear mind' can be viewed as three meanings. The first meaning is 'intuitional perception'. This meaning can be understood in the remark of the natural view point. The second is described to be 'mind of hinges' which means the perception beyond the opposition and the relativity. The last meaning is that it has 'method of understanding' with no intention' on the universal validity. Thus, 'it can be described through a proposition 'doing with no intention'. 'Clear mind' has the meaning that contemplates an object in the psychologically empty and clear state without both extremes. Nowadays, the discord of society is deepen, so the logic of 'clear mind' is meaningful epistemology.

The aim of this study is to research the wrong perception of human being. Zhuangzi(365-290 B.C.) thought that the discord of human society comes from wrong perception of an object. Zhuangzi take the inner cause of wrong perception of an object as 'bias mind'. Biased mind which is the wrong mind derived from fixed self, makes correct perception to be blocked by it. He thought the external cause which produces wrong perception is cause by both main bodies which provoke the right and wrong argument taking shape relatively. Conflicting composition of 'that and this' exists because one side exists. Therefore, the other side exists. 'That and this' is not in absolute relationship, so the conflicting composition of both is of changeable nature. Zhuangzi proposed 'clear mind' as a way to accomplish the best perception with the destruction of the wrong perception. In the sight of Qiwulun, 'clear mind' can be viewed as three meanings. The first meaning is 'intuitional perception'. This meaning can be understood in the remark of the natural view point. The second is described to be 'mind of hinges' which means the perception beyond the opposition and the relativity. The last meaning is that it has 'method of understanding' with no intention' on the universal validity. Thus, 'it can be described through a proposition 'doing with no intention'. 'Clear mind' has the meaning that contemplates an object in the psychologically empty and clear state without both extremes. Nowadays, the discord of society is deepen, so the logic of 'clear mind' is meaningful epistemology.

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Zhuangzi(莊子: 369-386), Qiwulun(齊物論), this and that(彼此), Biased mind, Clear mind, mind of hinges, with no intention.