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Moscow – the Third Rome has been one of yardsticks for the understanding of the so-called Russianness and its diverse representations both in Russian history and other related disciplines such as literature, thoughts, folklore, philosophy, and politics. Since the term has closely been related to the theme of Russian orthodox church and its independence after the Constantinople’s collapse(1453), the historical concept invites multiple interpretations, relying upon historical materials, archives, and literary transformation, Old Russian literature, in particular. The purpose of this paper, from this perspective, is to explore the enigma associated with the term: Where did come the term’s origin from? How diverse its literary representations were? To what extent those developments and variations were playing a significant role in encapsulating the secret myth of the Russianness? Essentially, the epithet as a concept evolved from an epistle, but its productive reproductions on metaphoric level have been discovered throughout numerous old Russian literary texts as the theme of religious repentance, resurrection, and spiritual holiness. At the same time, the term like a literary imagination created by the common people brought about debates and new views over and over, thereby contributing to a new discourse which goes beyond the formerly-established-boundary. This is the main reason of why this study has valuable information and is throughly researched, heavily drawing on much literary evidence.