이 글은 김사량(1914～1950)을 모델로 삼은 소설의 한 사례를 통해서 북한문학에서 왜 그를 호명했는지, 그리고 그 기억을 어떻게 전유(appropriation)하고 있는지를 검토했다. 북한문학에서 김사량에 대한 ‘이데올로기적 호명(interpellation)’은 ‘민족’과 ‘민족주의’에 대한 변화된 인식을 반영하는 기표의 하나이다. 북한사회가 ‘김사량’을 이데올로기적으로 호명한 것은 그가 ‘민족적 량심을 소유한 인텔리작가’로서 ‘우파(부르주아) 민족주의’와는 구별되는 ‘애국적 민족주의’의 길을 선택했기 때문이다. 여기에 활용된 역사적 기억은 김일성의 회고이다. 김일성의 회고는 80년대 중반 김사량의 정치적 복권의 토대가 되었다. 김사량의 개인 생애는 북한의 ‘민족’과 ‘민족주의’에 대한 태도 변화 속에 민족의 차원에서 전유된다. 북한문학에서 호명해낸 ‘김사량’은 식민지 시기 그의 문학이 보여준 혼종적 측면을 우회하며 ‘민족적 량심과 지조’를 견지했고 ‘조국해방투쟁’에서 전사한 ‘애국주의자’라는 단일한 이미지로 주조(鑄造)되었다. 「벗을 찾아」는 ‘김수민의 죽음’을 둘러싼 진상과 왜곡의 갈등을 남북한 사회가 ‘민족’을 놓고 경합하는 헤게모니 투쟁의 현실로 확장시킨 또하나의 민족 서사이다. 이 서사는 ‘김사량’의 기억을 호명해낸 뒤 그의 기억을 ‘민족’의 차원에서 전유한다. ‘김수민’은 ‘만들어진 김사량의 기억’에 기초하여 새롭게 구성된 허구적 개인이다. 텍스트에서, 그의 생애와 죽음은 민족을 위한 영웅적 개인의 행로로 번역되고 민족의 차원에서 제의화 된다. 이 과정에서 그의 생애와 죽음은 ‘김일성의 교시와 관심 속에 빛나는 존재’로 다시 태어난다.

This thesis, using an example of a novel based on Kim Sa-ryang(1914-1950), examines why the North Korean literature interpellated him and how the memories were appropriated. In the North Korean literature, the ideological interpellation on Kim reflects changed perception on the ‘people’ and ‘nationalism.’ The North interpellated Kim ideologically because, as an intelligent with national conscience, he chose the path of ‘patriotic nationalism,’ rather than ‘right-wing (bourgeois) nationalism.’ And the historical recollection used in this context was that of Kim Il-sung. Reviewing Kim Il-sung was the basis of Kim Sa-ryang's political reinstatement in the mid-1980s. And Kim Sa-ryang's personal ethnography can be seen in the nationalist dimension amid the changing attitude toward ‘people’ and ‘nationalism’ in North Korea. ‘Kim Sa-ryang’ as interpellated in the North Korean literature skirts around the hybridity apparent in his writing during the colonial period and takes a not of ‘national conscience and principle.’ He was also cast as the ‘patriotic martyr’ who died ‘fighting for the national liberation.’ [Searching for Companion] expands the conflict on truth and lies surrounding ‘the death of Kim Soo-min’ into the real hegemonical battle on ‘people’ between the two Koreas. This nationalistic epic interpellates memories of ‘Kim Sa-ryang’ and appropriates them from the ‘nationalistic’ perspective. ‘Kim Soo-min’ is the fictional character created through such making of Kim Sa-ryang's memory. And his life and death can be interpreted as the part of the personal journey of a national hero, and can be ritualized in the nationalistic perspective. And in this process. he is reborn as ‘the outstanding presence in the teachings and interest of Kim Il-sung.’

This thesis, using an example of a novel based on Kim Sa-ryang(1914-1950), examines why the North Korean literature interpellated him and how the memories were appropriated. In the North Korean literature, the ideological interpellation on Kim reflects changed perception on the ‘people’ and ‘nationalism.’ The North interpellated Kim ideologically because, as an intelligent with national conscience, he chose the path of ‘patriotic nationalism,’ rather than ‘right-wing (bourgeois) nationalism.’ And the historical recollection used in this context was that of Kim Il-sung. Reviewing Kim Il-sung was the basis of Kim Sa-ryang's political reinstatement in the mid-1980s. And Kim Sa-ryang's personal ethnography can be seen in the nationalist dimension amid the changing attitude toward ‘people’ and ‘nationalism’ in North Korea. ‘Kim Sa-ryang’ as interpellated in the North Korean literature skirts around the hybridity apparent in his writing during the colonial period and takes a not of ‘national conscience and principle.’ He was also cast as the ‘patriotic martyr’ who died ‘fighting for the national liberation.’ [Searching for Companion] expands the conflict on truth and lies surrounding ‘the death of Kim Soo-min’ into the real hegemonical battle on ‘people’ between the two Koreas. This nationalistic epic interpellates memories of ‘Kim Sa-ryang’ and appropriates them from the ‘nationalistic’ perspective. ‘Kim Soo-min’ is the fictional character created through such making of Kim Sa-ryang's memory. And his life and death can be interpreted as the part of the personal journey of a national hero, and can be ritualized in the nationalistic perspective. And in this process. he is reborn as ‘the outstanding presence in the teachings and interest of Kim Il-sung.’

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Kim Sa-ryang, Kim Il-sung, ideological interpellation, people, nationalism, patriotic nationalism, hybridity, conflicts of nationalistic discussions, making memory, ritualization, nationalistic epic, politics of memory