본고는 로트만의 전달 체계를 확장하여 화자와 청자의 관계를 정리하고, 화자와 청자, 지시 대상들의 관계에 주목하여 신경림 시의 어조를 분석하였다. 신경림의 시편들은 ‘나-나’의 전달의 경우 ‘나-우리(불특정 청자)’와 ‘우리(불특정 화자)-우리(불특정 청자)’의 형태로 확장되고 있으며, ‘나-그’의 경우도 ‘나-너’나 ‘나-너희(불특정 청자)’, 혹은 ‘나-그들(혹은 우리)(불특정 청자)’로 나타나고, 두 개 이상의 체계가 혼용되기도 한다. ‘나-나’의 전달의 시에서는 1인칭 주인공의 현재적 서술시점에서 화자가 경험적 자아의 모습으로 자신의 과거의 어떤 시점이나 삶을 일정한 거리를 두고 제시함으로써 객관적인 자기 응시의 절제된 어조를 보여준다. ‘나-우리’ 체계의 경우는 경험적인 사실들을 압축적으로 제시함으로써 화자의 판단을 유보하는 전략이 사용되고 있다. ‘우리-우리’의 전달의 경우는 ‘우리’라는 화자를 설정함으로써 빈민층의 삶의 괴로움, 고통이 집단성과 객관성을 획득하면서 종합, 고조되는 양상을 보인다. ‘나-너’ 체계의 시는 기본적인 정보나 경험들을 공유하고 있는 상태에서 ‘나’의 메시지를 ‘너’에게 전달하게 된다. 따라서 시의 화자는 청자와의 관계나 청자의 현재의 위치, 상황에 영향을 받게 되고, 어조 역시 그러한 영향 속에서 형성된다. ‘나-너희 혹은 그들’ 형식의 시에서는 청자가 텍스트 표면에는 나타나 있지 않기 때문에, 화자의 목소리나 서술 태도는 현재적이고 적극적인 양상을 보이게 된다.

This thesis examines the relationship between the narrator and the audience expanding Lotman's communication systems, and analyzes the tone of Shin Kyung-Rim's poems paying attention to the relationships of the narrator, the audience, and the referents. In Shin Kyung-Rim's poems, the communication of ‘I-I’ is expanded into the form of ‘I-We(unspecified audience)’ and ‘We(unspecified narrator)-We (unspecified audience)’; ‘I-He’ is represented as ‘I-You’, or ‘I-You(unspecified audience)’, or ‘I-They(or We)(unspecified audience). Sometimes more than two communication systems are used together. In the poems of 'I-I' communication, using the present narrative point of view of the first person protagonist and assuming the experienced self, the narrator shows the tempered tone of objective self-scrutiny by distancing himself from his own past point of view and his past life. In case of 'I-We' system, the strategy of holding the narrator's judgments is used by giving a compressed presentation of experiential facts. In the communication system of 'We-We', the anguish and pain of the poor people take on the aspect of collectivity and objectivity and are synthesized and heightened with the establishment of the narrator "We'. The poems of 'I-You' system communicate 'My' message to 'You' while sharing basic information and experience. Therefore, the narrator of the poems is influenced by his relationship with the audience, the present status of the audience, and the situation, and the tone of the poems is also created in this network of influence. In the poems of 'I-You or They', the voice of the narrator and his narratological attitude assume the present and positive aspect since the audience is hidden behind the surface of the text. The fact that most of Shin Kyung-Rim's poetic narrators take on the aspect of 'We' enables his poems to move beyond the practice of Korean language that represents 'I' as 'We', a member of the community, expand the breadth of sympathy, and solidify the grassroots 'an sich' even though that community is alienated and limited.

This thesis examines the relationship between the narrator and the audience expanding Lotman's communication systems, and analyzes the tone of Shin Kyung-Rim's poems paying attention to the relationships of the narrator, the audience, and the referents. In Shin Kyung-Rim's poems, the communication of ‘I-I’ is expanded into the form of ‘I-We(unspecified audience)’ and ‘We(unspecified narrator)-We (unspecified audience)’; ‘I-He’ is represented as ‘I-You’, or ‘I-You(unspecified audience)’, or ‘I-They(or We)(unspecified audience). Sometimes more than two communication systems are used together. In the poems of 'I-I' communication, using the present narrative point of view of the first person protagonist and assuming the experienced self, the narrator shows the tempered tone of objective self-scrutiny by distancing himself from his own past point of view and his past life. In case of 'I-We' system, the strategy of holding the narrator's judgments is used by giving a compressed presentation of experiential facts. In the communication system of 'We-We', the anguish and pain of the poor people take on the aspect of collectivity and objectivity and are synthesized and heightened with the establishment of the narrator "We'. The poems of 'I-You' system communicate 'My' message to 'You' while sharing basic information and experience. Therefore, the narrator of the poems is influenced by his relationship with the audience, the present status of the audience, and the situation, and the tone of the poems is also created in this network of influence. In the poems of 'I-You or They', the voice of the narrator and his narratological attitude assume the present and positive aspect since the audience is hidden behind the surface of the text. The fact that most of Shin Kyung-Rim's poetic narrators take on the aspect of 'We' enables his poems to move beyond the practice of Korean language that represents 'I' as 'We', a member of the community, expand the breadth of sympathy, and solidify the grassroots 'an sich' even though that community is alienated and limited.

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Shin Kyung-Rim, Tone, Discourse, Lotman, Communication systems, 'I-I', 'I-You'