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The purposes of this study is to examine trends in researches on synonymous and antonymous relations and check the methodologies and goals of researches on paradigmatic semantic relations. Especially it forwarded discussions about the nature of synonymous and antonymous relations, checking the methodology that understands the semantic relations of vocabulary in relation to pragmatic contexts. The discussions can be arranged as follows: While all semantic relations are basically context dependent, the dependency patterns can be divided into “semantic relations by contextual modulation” and “established semantic relations.” While “established semantic relations” can be stored in the mental lexicon and used to create new expressions, “semantic relations by contextual modulation” form temporary semantic relations in certain contexts. In such a case, one can set prototypical semantic relations of “established semantic relations” and thus offer cognitive explanations about semantic relations. Such a methodology, however, excludes “semantic relations by contextual adjustment” from discussions about semantic relations since paradigmatic systemicity should be given up the moment “semantic relations by contextual modulation” are applied to the explanations of semantic relations. The dilemma of researches on semantic relations lies in that one should choose the way of clarification through exclusion instead of explanation through inclusion.
