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Natural selection is the central principle of evolution and composed of many different biological concepts such as genetics and ecology. This study explored pre-service biology and non-biology pre-service teachers’ understanding of ecological and genetic components of natural selection. This study used the Conceptual Inventory of Natural Selection (CINS) that has been widely used in evolution education research and recruited more than 700 pre-service science teachers including biology majors and non-biology majors. The two dimensional-dichotomous Rasch analysis to evaluate the dimensionality and the validity of items. The finding illustrated that both biology and non-biology pre-service teachers developed the understanding of natural selection significantly across academic year but its effect size was smaller in ecology than genetics. Our participants did not show the significant conceptual development in ecological concepts. The natural selection concept is multi-dimensional concepts including ecology and genetics. The special teacher education program should be designed for the balanced understanding of natural selection concept.
